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Abstract: Excessive forces may cause root resorption and insufficient forces would introduce no effect in orthodontics. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal orthodontic forces on a maxillary canine, using hydrostatic stress and logarithmic strain of the periodontal ligament (PDL) as indicators. Finite element models of a maxillary canine and surrounding tissues were developed. Distal translation/tipping forces, labial translation/tipping forces, and extrusion forces ranging from 0 to 300 g (100 g=0.98 N) were applied to the canine, as well as the force moment around the canine long axis ranging from 0 to 300 g·mm. The stress/strain of the PDL was quantified by nonlinear finite element analysis, and an absolute stress range between 0.47 kPa (capillary pressure) and 12.8 kPa (80% of human systolic blood pressure) was considered to be optimal, whereas an absolute strain exceeding 0.24% (80% of peak strain during canine maximal moving velocity) was considered optimal strain. The stress/strain distributions within the PDL were acquired for various canine movements, and the optimal orthodontic forces were calculated. As a result the optimal tipping forces (40–44 g for distal-direction and 28–32 g for labial-direction) were smaller than the translation forces (130–137 g for distal-direction and 110–124 g for labial-direction). In addition, the optimal forces for labial-direction motion (110–124 g for translation and 28–32 g for tipping) were smaller than those for distal-direction motion (130–137 g for translation and 40–44 g for tipping). Compared with previous results, the force interval was smaller than before and was therefore more conducive to the guidance of clinical treatment. The finite element analysis results provide new insights into orthodontic biomechanics and could help to optimize orthodontic treatment plans.

基于有限元分析的上颌尖牙最佳正畸力的生物力学探究

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[31]List of electronic supplementary materials

[32]Fig. S1 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with distal-direction translation under force

[33]Fig. S2 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with distal-direction tipping movement under force

[34]Fig. S3 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with labial-direction translation under force

[35]Fig. S4 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with labial-direction tipping movement under force

[36]Fig. S5 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with extrusion under force

[37]Fig. S6 Hydrostatic stress distribution of canine PDL with rotation around long axis under force moment

[38]Fig. S7 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with distal-direction translation under force

[39]Fig. S8 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with distal-direction tipping movement under force

[40]Fig. S9 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with labial-direction translation under force

[41]Fig. S10 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with labial-direction tipping movement under force

[42]Fig. S11 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with extrusion under force

[43]Fig. S12 Logarithmic strain distribution of canine PDL with rotation around long axis under force moment