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Abstract: Background: Lung cancer ranks as the fifth largest of all cancer cases in Thailand. However, it is the first leading cancer in the northern part of Thailand (data from 2003–2007). There are several predisposing causes that lead to lung cancer and one important inducement is particulate matters (PMs). lampang Province in Thailand is famous for the ceramic industry, where there are over 200 ceramic industrial factories. PMs are produced during the ceramic manufacturing process and spread throughout all of the working areas. It is very possible that workers could directly inhale PM-contaminated air during working hours. Objective: This study focuses on the toxic effects of PMs collected from ceramic factories on genes and lungs of rats. Methods: PMs collected from six ceramic factories in lampang Province were extracted using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to analyze the chemical elements at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Then, the toxicity of PMs on the genes was examined by the Ames test, and subsequently, the effect of PMs on DNA was examined by quantifying the amount of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Finally, the toxicity of the PMs on rat’s lungs was examined by histology. Results: As chemical elements of lower concentrations, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, and lead were detected by ICP-MS. As chemical elements of higher concentrations, manganese, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium were detected by ICP-OES. No mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium was found in the PM extracts from all six factories by utilizing the Ames test. In the histological study, the reduction in spaces of alveolar ducts and sacs, and terminal bronchioles, the thickening of interstitial connective tissues were noted by PM extracts in high amounts (100 and 350 μg). Female rats were more sensitive to PM extracts than males in terms of their pulmonary damages. Conclusions: PMs were not mutagenic to S. typhimurium but can damage the lung tissue of rats.

泰国南邦省陶瓷厂细颗粒物对大鼠肺部的影响

研究目的：研究泰国南邦省陶瓷厂细颗粒物对基因突变和大鼠肺部的影响。
创新方法：探究泰国北部肺癌高发的一个重要诱因可能是当地高度发达的陶瓷工业产生细颗粒物所引起。
研究手段：使用二甲基亚砜（DMSO）提取泰国南邦省六家陶瓷厂空气中的收集到的细颗粒物。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱（ICP-OES）来分别分析细颗粒物中的低浓度和高浓度的化学元素，然后采用污染物致突变性检测（Ames试验）对细颗粒物的致基因突变能力进行研究，最后采用组织学分析了细颗粒物对大鼠肺部的影响。
重要结论：陶瓷厂空气中的细颗粒物不会导致鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的基因突变，但是能引起大鼠肺部损伤，且雌性大鼠对由空气中细颗粒物引起的肺部损伤更为敏感。

关键词：细颗粒物；陶瓷厂；泰国南邦省；大鼠肺部

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