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Abstract: The quality of roadbed engineering is directly related to the fill soil structure, which, in turn, is determined by the physical and chemical environment of a given area. The karst water environment, with frequent rainfall events, promotes the dissolution of soluble rocks and transportation of underground substances, which alters the soil structure and performance. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the properties of underground soil from heavily developed karst areas. Fine breccia soil from karst regions was tested to assess its macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructural features at various initial water contents and compaction levels. Samples were subjected to simulated rainfall conditions, undergoing dry–;wet cycling, followed by triaxial shear testing and electron microscopy examinations. From the data obtained, a micro-to-macro correlation and normalization model were developed. The findings suggest that the resistance of fine angular breccia soil to degradation upon to dry–;wet cycling can be enhanced by high-pressure compaction and maintaining a moisture content close to the optimal level. Increasing the degree of compaction improves the particle size distribution and skeleton density of the soil. This is advantageous for minimizing soil particle erosion, thereby ensuring the robust performance of roadbeds in karst areas with frequent rainfall events.