Similar articles

Abstract: seed vigor is an important characteristic of seed quality, and rice cultivars with strong seed vigor are desirable in direct-sowing rice production for optimum stand establishment. In the present study, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of three traits for rice seed vigor during the germination stage, including germination rate, final germination percentage, and germination index, were investigated using one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between japonica Daguandao and indica IR28, and using the multiple interval mapping (MIM) approach. The results show that indica rice presented stronger seed vigor during the germination stage than japonica rice. A total of ten QTLs, and at least five novel alleles, were detected to control rice seed vigor, and the amount of variation (R²) explained by an individual QTL ranged from 7.5% to 68.5%, with three major QTLs with R²>20%. Most of the QTLs detected here are likely to coincide with QTLs for seed weight, seed size, or seed dormancy, suggesting that the rice seed vigor might be correlated with seed weight, seed size, and seed dormancy. At least five QTLs are novel alleles with no previous reports of seed vigor genes in rice, and those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly improve the seed vigor by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice.

[1]Al-Chaarani, G.R., Gentzbittel, L., Wedzony, M., Sarrafi, A., 2005. Identification of QTLs for germination and seedling development in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Sci., 169(1):221-227.

[2]Bai, X., Luo, L., Yan, W., Kovi, M.R., Zhan, W., Xing, Y., 2010. Genetic dissection of rice grain shape using a recombinant inbred line population derived from two contrasting parents and fine mapping a pleiotropic quantitative trait locus qGL7. BMC Genet., 11(1):16.

[3]Bethke, P.C., Libourel, I.G., Aoyama, N., Chung, Y.Y., Still, D.W., Jones, R.L., 2007. The Arabidopsis aleurone layer responds to nitric oxide, gibberellin, and abscisic acid and is sufficient and necessary for seed dormancy. Plant Physiol., 143(3):1173-1188.

[4]Cao, D.D., Jin, H., Huang, X.X., Wang, X.J., Guan, Y.J., Wang, Z.F., 2008. Relationships between changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor during development stages of F₁ seeds of sh₂ sweet corn. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B, 9(12):964-968.

[5]Catusse, J., Job, C., Job, D., 2008. Transcriptome- and proteome-wide analyses of seed germination. C. R. Biol., 331(10):815-822.

[6]Churchill, G.A., Doerge, R.W., 1994. Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping. Genetics, 138(3):963-971.

[7]Clerkx, E.J., El-Lithy, M.E., Vierling, E., Ruys, G.J., Blankestijn-De Vries, H., Groot, S.P., Vreugdenhil, D., Koornneef, M., 2004. Analysis of natural allelic variation of Arabidopsis seed germination and seed longevity traits between the accessions Landsberg erecta and Shakdara, using a new recombinant inbred line population. Plant Physiol., 135(1):432-443.

[8]Cui, K., Peng, S., Xing, Y., Xu, C., Yu, S., Zhang, Q., 2002. Molecular dissection of seedling-vigor and associated physiological traits in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet., 105(5):745-753.

[9]Fait, A., Angelovici, R., Less, H., Ohad, I., Urbanczyk-Wochniak, E., Fernie, A.R., Galili, G., 2006. Arabidopsis seed development and germination is associated with temporally distinct metabolic switches. Plant Physiol., 142(3):839-854.

[10]Foolad, M.R., Lin, G.Y., Chen, F.Q., 1999. Comparison of QTLs for seed germination under non-stress, cold stress and salt stress in tomato. Plant Breed., 118(2):167-173.

[11]Foolad, M.R., Zhang, L.P., Subbiah, P., 2003. Genetics of drought tolerance during seed germination in tomato: inheritance and QTL mapping. Genome, 46(4):536-545.

[12]Foolad, M.R., Subbiah, P., Zhang, L., 2007. Common QTL affect the rate of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions. Int. J. Plant Genomics, 2007:97386.

[13]Fujino, K., Sekiguchi, H., Sato, T., Kiuchi, H., Nonoue, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Ando, T., Lin, S.Y., Yano, M., 2004. Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling low-temperature germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet., 108(5):794-799.

[14]Fujino, K., Sekiguchi, H., Matsuda, Y., Sugimoto, K., Ono, K., Yano, M., 2008. Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3-1, controlling low-temperature germinability in rice. PNAS, 105(34):12623-12628.

[15]Gu, X.Y., Kianian, S.F., Foley, M.E., 2004. Multiple loci and epistases control genetic variation for seed dormancy in weedy rice (Oryza sativa). Genetics, 166(3):1503-1516.

[16]Hayashi, E., Aoyama, N., Still, D.W., 2008. Quantitative trait loci associated with lettuce seed germination under different temperature and light environments. Genome, 51(11):928-947.

[17]Hund, A., Fracheboud, Y., Soldati, A., Frascaroli, E., Salvi, S., Stamp, P., 2004. QTL controlling root and shoot traits of maize seedlings under cold stress. Theor. Appl. Genet., 109(3):618-629.

[18]Jiang, L., Liu, S., Hou, M., Tang, J., Chen, L., Zhai, H., Wan, J., 2006. Analysis of QTLs for seed low temperature germinability and anoxia germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Res., 98(1):68-75.

[19]Lander, E.S., Green, P., Abrahamson, J., Barlow, A., Daly, M.J., Lincoln, S.E., Newburg, L., 1987. MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics, 1(2):174-181.

[20]Li, C., Zhou, A., Sang, T., 2006. Genetic analysis of rice domestication syndrome with the wild annual species, Oryza nivara. New Phytol., 170(1):185-194.

[21]Li, J.X., Yu, S.B., Xu, C.G., Tan, Y.F., Gao, Y.J., Li, X.H., Zhang, Q., 2000. Analyzing quantitative trait loci for yield using a vegetatively replicated F₂ population from a cross between the parents of an elite rice hybrid. Theor. Appl. Genet., 101(1-2):248-254.

[22]Mano, Y., Takeda, K., 1997. Mapping quantitative trait loci for salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Euphytica, 94(3):263-272.

[23]Marri, P.R., Sarla, N., Reddy, L.V., Siddiq, E.A., 2005. Identification and mapping of yield and yield related QTLs from an Indian accession of Oryza rufipogon. BMC Genet., 6(1):33.

[24]McCouch, S.R., Cho, Y.G., Yano, M., Paul, E., Blinstrub, M., Morishima, H., Kinoshita, T., 1997. Report on QTL nomenclature. Rice Genet. Newslett., 14:11-13.

[25]McDonald, M.B., 1994. The history of seed vigor testing. J. Seed Technol., 17:93-101.

[26]McKenzie, K.S., Rutger, J.N., Peterson, M.L., 1980. Relation of seedling vigor to semidwarfism, early maturity, and pubescence in closely related rice lines. Crop Sci., 20(2):169-172.

[27]McKenzie, K.S., Johnson, C.W., Tseng, S.T., Oster, J.J., Brandon, D.M., 1994. Breeding improved rice cultivars for temperate regions—a case study. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 34(7):897-905.

[28]Miura, K., Lin, S., Yano, M., Nagamine, T., 2002. Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet., 104(6-7):981-986.

[29]Moncada, P., Martinez, C.P., Borrero, J., Châtel, M., Gauch, H., Guimaraes, E.P., Tohmé, J., McCouch, S.R., 2001. Quantitative trait loci for yield and yield components in an Oryza sativa×Oryza rufipogon BC₂F₂ population evaluated in an upland environment. Theor. Appl. Genet., 102(1):41-52.

[30]Sun, Q., Wang, J.H., Sun, B.Q., 2007. Advances on seed vigor physiological and genetic mechanisms. Agric. Sci. China, 6(9):1060-1066.

[31]Wan, X.Y., Wan, J.M., Weng, J.F., Jiang, L., Bi, J.C., Wang, C.M., Zhai, H.Q., 2005. Stability of QTLs for rice grain dimension and endosperm chalkiness characteristics across eight environments. Theor. Appl. Genet., 110(7):1334-1346.

[32]Zhang, H.S., Hu, J., 2010. Seed Science. Science Press, Beijing, China, p.165-170 (in Chinese).

[33]Zhang, Z.H., Yu, S.B., Yu, T., 2005. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seedling-vigor using recombinant inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Res., 91(2-3):161-170.