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Abstract: The blood-flesh peach has become popular in China due to its attractive anthocyanin-induced pigmentation and antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation by examining the expression of nine genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway found in the peach mesocarp. Expression was measured at six developmental stages in fruit of two blood-flesh and one white-flesh peach cultivars, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results show that the expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene was closely related to anthocyanin accumulation in both of the blood-flesh peaches. In the white-flesh peach, we found that the transcription level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) during fruit development was much lower than that in the blood-flesh peach, even though all other genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were highly expressed, suggesting that the PAL gene may be limiting in anthocyanin production in the white-flesh peach. Moreover, the transcription levels of the CHS and UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) genes were markedly up-regulated at three days after bag removal (DABR) in the blood-flesh peach, suggesting that CHS and UFGT are the key genes in the process of anthocyanin biosynthesis for both of the blood-flesh peaches. The present study will be of great help in improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin accumulation in blood-flesh peaches.

两个红肉桃品种果实发育期花色素苷合成与分子调控研究

研究目的：深入分析两个红肉桃品种果实发育期花色素苷合成差异的分子机理，为红肉桃品种的遗传改良与利用提供理论依据。
创新要点：阐明两个红肉桃品种果实发育期花色素苷生物的合成与相关基因的时空表达规律，探讨造成两个品种花色素苷积累差异的内在分子机制。
研究方法：应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）分别鉴定两个红肉桃品种花色素苷的积累规律与合成相关基因的表达水平，进一步探讨两者花色素苷合成的内在分子调控机理。
重要结论：两个红肉桃品种果实发育期花色素苷合成与PpCHS表达水平密切相关，同时PpPAL在白肉桃品种果实发育期的表达水平低于红肉桃品种，推测这两种基因可能是限制白肉桃品种果实中花色素苷合成的因素之一。
红肉桃；花色素苷；套袋；基因表达

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