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Abstract: toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby collectively establishing an antiviral host response. Studies have shown that unlike other TLR family members, TLR3 is the only RNA sensor that is utterly dependent on the toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)‍;-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-‍β;(TRIF). However, the details of how the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway works in an antiviral response and how it is regulated are unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the antiviral mechanism of the TRIF pathway and describe the essential characteristics of TLR3 and its antiviral effects. Advancing our understanding of TLR3 may contribute to disease diagnosis and could foster the development of novel treatments for viral diseases.

Toll样受体3（TLR3）调控机制及其抗病毒先天免疫效应

摘要：Toll样受体3（TLR3）是TLR家族的成员，介导I型干扰素、促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的转录诱导，从而共同建立宿主的抗病毒反应。研究表明，不同于其他TLR家族成员，TLR3是唯一一个完全依赖于β干扰素TIR结构域衔接蛋白（TRIF）的核糖核酸传感器。然而，TLR3-TRIF信号通路如何在抗病毒反应中起作用以及如何被调控尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了TRIF信号通路抗病毒机制的最新研究进展，并描述了TLR3的基本特征及其抗病毒作用。进一步了解TLR3有助于相关疾病治疗，并促进某些病毒性疾病新疗法的建立。

关键词：Toll样受体3（TLR3）；β干扰素TIR结构域衔接蛋白（TRIF）；先天免疫；抗病毒反应

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