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On-line Access: 2022-07-18

Received: 2021-07-28

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing  2022 Vol.5 No.3 P.481-496

http://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-021-00177-w


In vivo evaluation of additively manufactured multi-layered scaffold for the repair of large osteochondral defects


Author(s):  Maryam Tamaddon, Gordon Blunn, Rongwei Tan, Pan Yang, Xiaodan Sun, Shen-Mao Chen, Jiajun Luo, Ziyu Liu, Ling Wang, Dichen Li, Ricardo Donate, Mario Monzón & Chaozong Liu

Affiliation(s):  Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK; more

Corresponding email(s):   Chaozong.Liu@ucl.ac.uk

Key Words:  Osteochondral scaffold, Large animal, Additive manufacturing, Porous titanium


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Maryam Tamaddon, Gordon Blunn, Rongwei Tan, Pan Yang, Xiaodan Sun, Shen-Mao Chen, Jiajun Luo, Ziyu Liu, Ling Wang, Dichen Li, Ricardo Donate, Mario Monzón & Chaozong Liu. In vivo evaluation of additively manufactured multi-layered scaffold for the repair of large osteochondral defects[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science D, 2022, 5(3): 481-496.

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author="Maryam Tamaddon, Gordon Blunn, Rongwei Tan, Pan Yang, Xiaodan Sun, Shen-Mao Chen, Jiajun Luo, Ziyu Liu, Ling Wang, Dichen Li, Ricardo Donate, Mario Monzón & Chaozong Liu",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science D",
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year="2022",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
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%A Maryam Tamaddon
%A Gordon Blunn
%A Rongwei Tan
%A Pan Yang
%A Xiaodan Sun
%A Shen-Mao Chen
%A Jiajun Luo
%A Ziyu Liu
%A Ling Wang
%A Dichen Li
%A Ricardo Donate
%A Mario Monzón & Chaozong Liu
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE D
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%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
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A1 - Maryam Tamaddon
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A1 - Rongwei Tan
A1 - Pan Yang
A1 - Xiaodan Sun
A1 - Shen-Mao Chen
A1 - Jiajun Luo
A1 - Ziyu Liu
A1 - Ling Wang
A1 - Dichen Li
A1 - Ricardo Donate
A1 - Mario Monzón & Chaozong Liu
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Abstract: 
The repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in orthopaedics. Well-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small defects. However, less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects, which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the tissue. In this study, we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion techniques. The developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen “sandwich” composite system. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined, and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle model. The 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen–HAp scaffold, and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage, as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage formation. The histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control group. Chondrogenic genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control group. The findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free “translation-ready” osteochondral scaffold, which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects.

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