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On-line Access: 2026-03-02
Received: 2025-09-09
Revision Accepted: 2025-10-25
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Reconstruction of the macrophage and myelin debris ecosystem following spinal cord injury: a dual-matrix hydrogel/polycaprolactone platform
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Tao Xu. Reconstruction of the macrophage and myelin debris ecosystem following spinal cord injury: a dual-matrix hydrogel/polycaprolactone platform[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science D, 2026, 9(2): 335 - 356.
@article{title="Reconstruction of the macrophage and myelin debris ecosystem following spinal cord injury: a dual-matrix hydrogel/polycaprolactone platform",
author="Tao Xu",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science D",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="335 - 356",
year="2026",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/bdm.2500461"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Reconstruction of the macrophage and myelin debris ecosystem following spinal cord injury: a dual-matrix hydrogel/polycaprolactone platform
%A Tao Xu
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE D
%V 9
%N 2
%P 335 - 356
%@ 1869-1951
%D 2026
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/bdm.2500461
TY - JOUR
T1 - Reconstruction of the macrophage and myelin debris ecosystem following spinal cord injury: a dual-matrix hydrogel/polycaprolactone platform
A1 - Tao Xu
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science D
VL - 9
IS - 2
SP - 335
EP - 356
%@ 1869-1951
Y1 - 2026
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/bdm.2500461
Abstract: spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe trauma to the central nervous system (CNS), involving complex pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, demyelination, and scar formation. During SCI progression, ongoing myelin degeneration leads to the release of myelin debris, which directly inhibits neural regeneration and impairs functional recovery following the injury. Moreover, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) infiltrate the injured site and extensively phagocytose myelin debris, transforming into lipid-laden foam cells. These foam cells accumulate at the lesion core, significantly promoting fibrotic scar formation. To address these challenges, we developed a composite scaffold consisting of a foam cell membrane-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber membrane that was integrated with a dual-matrix human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) hydrogel. A comprehensive evaluation combining material characterization, in vitro assays, and in vivo assessment using a SpragueDawley rat spinal cord defect model demonstrated that the scaffold retains the bioactive properties of HAAM, effectively clearing myelin debris and mitigating foam cell accumulation while concurrently promoting neural regeneration following SCI. The proposed novel biomaterial-based strategy offers a promising approach to addressing the persistent accumulation of myelin debris after SCI.
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