Full Text:   <3503>

CLC number: TU333

On-line Access: 

Received: 2002-05-20

Revision Accepted: 2002-09-06

Crosschecked: 0000-00-00

Cited: 1

Clicked: 6206

Citations:  Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

-   Go to

Article info.
Open peer comments

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2002 Vol.3 No.5 P.520-531

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2002.0520


Buckling of un-stiffened cylindrical shell under non-uniform axial conpressive stress


Author(s):  SONG Chang-yong

Affiliation(s):  Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Corresponding email(s):   98900042R@Polyu.edu.HK

Key Words:  Shell, Buckling, Axial compression, Non-uniform stress


Share this article to: More

SONG Chang-yong. Buckling of un-stiffened cylindrical shell under non-uniform axial conpressive stress[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2002, 3(5): 520-531.

@article{title="Buckling of un-stiffened cylindrical shell under non-uniform axial conpressive stress",
author="SONG Chang-yong",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
volume="3",
number="5",
pages="520-531",
year="2002",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.2002.0520"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Buckling of un-stiffened cylindrical shell under non-uniform axial conpressive stress
%A SONG Chang-yong
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%V 3
%N 5
%P 520-531
%@ 1869-1951
%D 2002
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.2002.0520

TY - JOUR
T1 - Buckling of un-stiffened cylindrical shell under non-uniform axial conpressive stress
A1 - SONG Chang-yong
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
VL - 3
IS - 5
SP - 520
EP - 531
%@ 1869-1951
Y1 - 2002
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.2002.0520


Abstract: 
This paper provides a review of recent research advances and trends in the area of stability of unstiffened circular cylindrical shells subjected to general non-uniform axial compressive stresses. Only the more important and interesting aspects of the research, judged from a personal viewpoint, are discussed. They can be crudely classified into four categories: (1) shells subjected to non-uniform loads; (2) shells on discrete supports; (3) shells with intended cutouts/holes; and (4) shells with non-uniform settlements.

Darkslateblue:Affiliate; Royal Blue:Author; Turquoise:Article

Reference

[1] Aguado, P., Ayuga, F., Guaita, M., Gutierrez, P., Moran, J., Juan, A., 1999. Predicting stress fields in agricultural silos during discharging. Proc, 1999 ASAE/CSAE Annu. Int. Meeting, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mich.

[2] Allen, M.F., 1989. Testing, evaluation and repair methods for structural stability of coal silos. Proc., 51th American Power Conference, p.788-797.

[3] Almroth, B.O., Holmes, A.M., 1972. Buckling of shells with cutouts: Experimental and analysis. Int. J. Solids Structures, 8: 1057-1066.

[4] Australian Standard (AS1170.2, 1989). SAA Loading Code Part 2: Wind Loads.

[5] Australian Standard (AS3774-1996, 1996). Loads on Bulk Solids Containers.

[6] Babcock, C.D., 1983. Shell stability. J. Appl.Mech., ASME, 50: 935-940.

[7] Bai, Y., Hauch, S., 1998. Analytical collapse of corroded pipes. Proc., 8th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., Montreal, Canada, 24-29 May, Vol. 2, p.182-188.

[8] Bai, Y., Hauch, S., Jensen, J.C., 1999. Local buckling and plastic collapse of corroded pipes with yield anisotropy. Proc., 9th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf, Brest, France, May 3-June 4, Vol. 2, p.74-81.

[9] Bai, Y., 2001. Pipelines and Risers. Elseview Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK.

[10] Baniotopoulos, C.C., 1996. Saddle-supported pipelines: influence of unilateral support and thickness on the stress state. Int. J. Pressure Vessels and Piping, 67: 55-64.

[11] Bijlaard, P.P., Gallagher, R.H., 1959. Elastic instability of a cylindrical shell under arbitrary circumferential variation of axial stresses. J. Aero. Sci., 27(11): 854-858,866.

[12] Blight, G.E., Gohnert, M., 1993. Effects of varying horizontal pressure in cylindrical silos. Powder Handling & Processing, 5(4): 337-340.

[13] Borcz, A., Rahim, A., 1991. Wall pressure measurements in eccentrically discharged cement silos. Bulk Solids Handling, 11(2): 469-476.

[14] Brazier, L.G., 1926. On the flexure of thin cylindrical shells and other sections. Proc. R. Soc. A CXVI: p.104-114.

[15] Briassoulis, D., 2000. Finite element analysis of a cylindrical silo shell under unsymmetrical pressure distributions. Computers & Structures, 78: 271-281.

[16] British Standard BS5500, 1997. Specification for Unfired Fusion Pressure Vessels, British Standard Institution, London.

[17] Brown, C.J., 1996. Effect of Patch Loads on Rectangular Metal Silos and Annex. Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.

[18] Brown, C.J., Nielsen, J., 1998. Silos-Fundamentals of Theory, Behavior and Design. E & FN Spon, London.

[19] Buchert, K.P., 1967. Discussion of ‘Denting of circular bins with eccentric drawpoints’. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, 93, ST3.

[20] Bucklin, R.A., Thompson, S.A., Ross, I.J., 1990. Bin-wall failure caused by eccentric discharge of free-flowing grain. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 116(11): 3175-3190.

[21] Budiansky, B., Hutchinson, J.W., 1966. A survey of some buckling problems. AIAA J., 4(9): 1505-1510.

[22] Bushnell, D., 1981. Buckling of shells-pitfall for designers. AIAA J., 19(9): 1183-1226.

[23] Calladine, C.R., Barber, J.N., 1970. Simple experiments on self-weight of open cylindrical shells. J. Appl. Mech, ASME, 1150-1151.

[24] Calladine, C.R., 1983. Plastic Buckling of Tubes in Pure Bending. In: Collapse, J.M.T., Thompson and G.W. Hunt (Eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press.

[25] Calladine, C.R., 1995. Understanding imperfection-sensitivity in the buckling of thin-walled shells. Thin-Walled Structures, 23: 213-235.

[26] Chan, G..C.M., Tooth,A.S., Spence, J., 1998., A study of the buckling behavior of horizontal saddle supported vessels. Thin-Walled Structures, 30(1-4): 3-22.

[27] Chen, J.F., Rotter, J.M., Ooi, J.M., 1998. A review of numerical prediction methods for silo wall pressures. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2(2): 119-135.

[28] Chien, H., Tu.S., 1988. The contact stress analysis of pad-reinforced structures. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 110: 182-187.

[29] Clercq, H. De, 1990. Investigation into stability of a silo with concentric and eccentric emptying. Civil Engineer in South Africa, 32(3): 103-107.

[30] Colijin, H., Peschl, I.A.S.Z., 1981. Non-symmetric bin flow problems. Bulk Solids Handling, 1(3): 377-384.

[31] Corona, E., Kyriakides, S., 2000. Asymmetric collapse modes of pipes under combined bending and external pressure. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 126(12): 1232-1239.

[32] Dhanens, F., Lagae, G., Rathe, J. Van lmpe, R., 1993. Stress in and buckling of unstiffened cylinders subjected to local axial loads. J. Construct. Steel Res., 27: 89-106.

[33] DIN 18800-4, 1990. Structural Steelwork; Analysis of Safety against Buckling of Shells.

[34] DIN 1055, Part 6, 1987. Design Loads for Buildings: Loads in Silo Bins.

[35] D'Orazio, T.B., Duncan, J.M., Bell, R.A., 1989. Distortion of steel tanks due to settlement of their walls. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 115: 871-890.

[36] Durban, D., Libai, A., 1976. Influence of thickness on the stability of circular cylindrical shells subjected to non-uniform axial compression. Israel J. Tech., 14: 9-17.

[37] Durban, D., Ore, E., 1999. Plastic buckling of circular cylindrical shells under non-uniform axial loads. J. Appl. Mech., ASME, 66: 374-379.

[38] Duthie, G., Tooth, A.S., 1977. The analysis of horizontal cylindrical vessels supported by saddles welded to the vessel - a comparison of theory and experiment. Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Pressure Vessel Technology, ASME, Tokyo, p.25-38.

[39] Eggwertz, S., Samuelson, L.A., 1991. Buckling of shells with local reinforcements. In: Buckling of Shell Structures, on Land, in the Sea and in the Air, J.F. Jullien (Ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, p.401-408,40.

[40] Emmerling, F.A., 1984. Flexible Shells. Springer, Berlin.

[41] ECCS, 1988. Buckling of Steel Shells: European Recommendation. 4th Edition. European Convention for Constructional Steel work, Brussels.

[42] Eurocode 1 (ENV1991-4), 1995. Basis of Design and Actions on Structures. Part 4: Actions in Silo and Tanks. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.

[43] Eurocode 3 (ENV1993-1-6), 1999. Design of Steel Structures. Part 1-6: General Rules. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.

[44] Fabian, O., 1977. Collapse of cylindrical, elastic tubes under combined bending, pressure and axial loads. Int. J. Solids Structures, 13: 1257-1270.

[45] Fabian, O., 1981. Elastic-plastic collapse of long tubes under combined bending and pressure load. Ocean Engineering, 8(3): 295-330.

[46] Flugge, W., 1960. Stresses in Shells, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

[47] Fung, Y.C., Sechler, E.E., 1960. Instability of thin elastic shells. In: Proc., First Symp. Naval Struct. Mech, J. N., Goodoer and N.J. Hoff (Eds.), Pergamon, Elmsford, N.Y., p.115-168.

[48] GBJ 9-87, 1987. Chinese Standard: Loading Code for Buildings (in Chinese).

[49] Gellin, S., 1980. The plastic buckling of long cylindrical shells under pure bending. Int. J. Solids Structures, 16: 397-407.

[50] Greiner, R., Derler, P., 1995. Effect of imperfections on wind-loaded cylindrical shells. Thin-Walled Structures, 23: 271-281.

[51] Greiner, R., Guggenberger, W., 1996. Stability of column-supported steel cylinders, Proc., IASS Asia-Pacific Conf. on Shell and Special Structures, Beijing.

[52] Greiner, R., Guggenberger, W., 1998. Buckling behavior of axially loaded steel cylinders on local supports-with and without internal pressure. Thin-Walled Structures, 31: 159-167.

[53] Guggenberger, W., 1991. Buckling of cylindrical shells under local axial loads. In: Buckling of Shell Structures, on Land, in the Sea and in the Air, J.F. Jullien (Ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, p.323-333.

[54] Guggenberger, W., 1996. Patch Loads and Their Use in Metal Silo Design-Strand 3: Effect of Patch Loads on Stiffened Circular Cylindrical Silos. Under the auspices of WG3 of CA-Silo, Institute for Steel, Timber and Shell Structures, Technical University Graz, Austria.

[55] Guggenberger, W., 1997. Collapse, failure analysis and repair of a high-tensile steel digester tank. Proc., Int. Conf. on Carrying Capacity of Steel Shell Structures, V. Krupka and P. Schneider (Eds.), Oct. 1-3, Brno, Czech Republic.

[56] Guggenberger, W., 1998. Proposal for design rules of axially loaded steel cylinders on local supports. Thin-Walled Structures, 31: 169-185.

[57] Guggenberger, W., Greiner, R., Rotter, J.M., 2000. The behavior of locally-supported cylindrical shells: Unstiffened shells. J. Construct. Steel Res., 56: 175-197.

[58] Guggenberger, W., Greiner, R., Rotter, J.M., 2002. Cylindrical shells above local supports. In: Buckling of Thin Metal Shells, J. G., Teng and J. M., Rotter (Eds.), E& FN Spon, London (in Press)

[59] Hauch, S., Bai, Y., 2000. Bending moment capacity of groove corroded pipes. Proc., 10th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf, Seattle, USA, May 27-June 3, Vol.2, p.253-262.

[60] Hilburger, M.W., Britt, V.O., Nemeth, M.P., 2001. Buckling behavior of compression-loaded quasi-isotropic curved panels with a circular cutout. Int. J. Solids Structures, 38: 1495-1522.

[61] Hoff, N.J., Chao, C.-C., Madsen, W.A., 1964. Buckling of a thin-walled circular cylindrical shell heated along an axial strip.J. Appl., Jun., 253-258.

[62] Hoff, N., 1966. The perplexing behavior of thin circular cylindrical shells under axial compression. Israel Journal of Technology, 4(1): 1-28.

[63] Holst, J.M.F.G., Ooi, J.M., Rotter, J.M., Rong G.H., 1999a. Numerical modeling of silo filling. I: Continuum analysis. J. Engng. Mech., ASCE, 125(1): 94-103.

[64] Holst, J.M.F.G., Ooi, J.M., Rotter, J.M., Rong G.H., 1999b. Numerical modeling of silo filling. II: Discrete element analysis. J. Engng. Mech., ASCE, 125(1): 104-110.

[65] Horabik, J., Ross, I.J., Schwab, C.V., 1992. Non-symmetrical loads in a model grain bin during eccentric discharge. ASAE, 35(3): 987-992.

[66] Hutchinson, J.W., Koiter, W.T., 1970. Post-buckling theory. Applied Mechanics Review, 23(12): 1353-1366.

[67] Igland, R., Moan, T., 2000. Reliability analysis of pipelines during laying, considering ultimate strength under combined loads. J. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 122(1): 40-46.

[68] ISO 11697, 1995: Bases for design of structures-loads due to bulk materials.

[69] Jenike, A.W., 1967. Denting of circular bins with eccentric drawpoints. J. Structural Division, ASCE, ST1, 27-35.

[70] Jenkyn, R.T., Goodwill, D.J., 1987. Silo failures: lessens to be learned. Engineering Digest, Sept, 17-22.

[71] Jones, D.J., 1983. Wind-induced static instability of cylindrical shells. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 13: 261-270.

[72] Jonaidi, M., Ansourian, P., 1998. Harmonic settlement effects on uniform and taped tank shells. Thin-Walled Structures, 31: 237-255.

[73] Jonaidi, M., Ansourian, P., 2000. Buckling behavior of closed and open top cylindrical shells subjected to meridional edge deformation. In: Coupled Instabilities in Metal Structures, D., Camotim, D., Dubina and J., Rondal (Eds.), Imperial College Press.

[74] Ju. G.T., Kyriakides, S., 1992. Bifurcation and localization instabilities in cylindrical shells under bending - II: Predictions. Int. J. Solids Structures, 29: 1143-1171.

[75] Jullien, J.F., Limam, A., 1998. Effects of openings of the buckling of cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression. Thin-Walled Structures, 31: 187-202.

[76] Kemp, A. R., 1990a. Resistance of steel silos to induced load effects. The Civil Engineer in South Africa, 32(8): 311-315.

[77] Kemp, A.R., 1990b. Strength of pipes continuous over a series of saddle supports. J. Construct. Steel Res., 15(3): 233-248.

[78] Kendrick, S., Tooth, A.S., 1986. The buckling behavior of a horizontal vessel on loose saddles: A buckling assessment of the support region. J. Strain Analysis, 21(1): 45-50.

[79] Knight, N.F. Jr., Starnes, J.H. Jr., 1997. Developments in cylindrical shell stability analysis. AIAA-97-1076, p.1933-1948.

[80] Krupka, V., 1991a. The background to a new design proposal for saddle supported vessels. Int. J. Pressure Vessels and Piping, 46: 51-65.

[81] Krupka, V., 1991b. Buckling and plastic punching of circular cylindrical shell due to saddle or lug loads. In: Buckling of Shell Structures, on Land, in the Sea and in the Air, J. F. Jullien (Ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, p.11-20.

[82] Krupka, V., 1994. Saddle and lug supported tanks and vessels. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, 208: 17-21.

[83] Kamyab, H., Palmer, S.C., 1989. Analysis of displacements and stresses in oil storage tanks caused by differential settlement. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part C, 203: 60-70.

[84] Kyriakides, S., Ju. G.T., 1992. Bifurcation and localization instabilities in cylindrical shells under bending - I: Experiments. Int. J. Solids Structures, 29: 1117-1142.

[85] Libai, A., Durban, D., 1973. A method for approximate stability analysis and its application to circular cylindrical shells under circumferentially varying edge loads. J. Appl. Mech., ASME, Dec., 971-976.

[86] Libai, A., Durban, D., 1977. Buckling of cylindrical shells subjected to non-uniform axial loads. J. Appl. Mech., ASME, 714-720.

[87] Malik, Z., Morton, J., Ruiz, C., 1977. Ovalization of cylindrical tanks as a result of foundation settlement. J. Strain Analysis, 12: 339-348.

[88] Mandal, P., Calladine, C.R., 2000. Buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression. Int. J. Solids Structures, 37: 4509-4525.

[89] Marr, W.A., Ramos, J.A., Lambe, T.W., 1982. Criteria for settlement of tanks. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, Proc. ASCE, 18, GT8: 1017-1039.

[90] McLean, A.G., Bravin, B., 1985. Wall loads in eccentric discharge silos. Int. J. Bulk Solids Storage in Silos, 1(1): 12-24.

[91] Miller, C.D., 1982. Experimental study of the buckling of cylindrical shells with reinforced openings. ASME/ANS Nuclear Engineering Conf., Portland, Oregon, July., p.7-18.

[92] Miller, C.D., Grove, R.B., Vojta, J.F., 1983. Design of stiffened cylinders of offshore structures (CBI Industries Inc.). AWS Welded Offshore Structures Conf., New Orleans, Louisiana, Dec., p.19-64.

[93] Montague, P., Horne, M.R., 1981. The behavior of circular tubes with large openings subjected to axial compression. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 23(5): 225-242.

[94] Murakami, T., Yoguchi, H., Hirayama, H., Nakamura, H., Mutsuura, S., 1993. Effects of geometrical imperfection on buckling strength of cylinders in bending. 12th SMiRT, Vol. E, p.257-268.

[95] Murakami, T., Yoguchi, H. Hirayama, H., Nakamura. H., Matsuura, S. 1995. Effects of imperfection on buckling strength of cylinders in shear and in bending under transverse shearing loads. PVP-Vol. 306, Fatigure and Crack Growth: Environmental Effects, Modelling Studies, and Design Considerations, ASME, p.259-266.

[96] Murray, D.W., 1997. Local buckling, strain localization, wrinkling and postbuckling response of line pipe. Engineering Structures, 19(5): 360-371.

[97] Nash, D.H., Banks,W.M., Bernaudon, F., 1998. Finite element modelling of sling-supported pressure vessels. Thin-Walled Structures, 30(1-4): 95-110.

[98] Nielsen, J., 1998. Pressures from flowing granular solids in silos. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. A, 356:2667-2684.

[99] Noor, A.K., 1990. Bibliography of monographs and surveys on shells. Applied Mechanics Review, 43(9): 223-234.

[100] Ong, L.S., 1995. Peak stress and fatigue assessment at the saddle support of a cylindrical vessel. J. Pressure Vessel Technology, 117: 305-311.

[101] Ong, L.S., Lu, G., 1995. Stress reduction factor associated with saddle support with extended top plate. Int. J. Pressure Vessels and Piping, 62: 205-208.

[102] Ooi, J.Y., Pham, L., Rotter, J.M., 1990. Systematic and random features of measured pressures on full-scale silo walls. Engineering Structures, 12: 74-87.

[103] Ooi, J.M., She, K. M., 1997. Finite element analysis of wall pressure in imperfect silos. Int. J. Solids Structures, 34(16): 2061-2072.

[104] Otsuka H., Koga, T., 1998. Buckling of circular cylindrical shell under beam-like bending (1st Report) experiment. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 41(131): 38-45.

[105] Palmer, S.C., 1992. Structural effects of foundation tilt on storage tanks. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs., Part E, 206: 83-92.

[106] Palmer, S.C.,1994. Stresses in storage tanks caused by differential settlement. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part E, 208: 5-16.

[107] Pavlovic, P., 1997. The testing and repair of steel silo. Construction and Building Materials, 34:101-109.

[108] Pham, L., Maunsell, D.S., 1985. Survey of research needs for metal structures. Proceedings of Metal Structures Conference, I.E. Aust., Melbourne, p.172-177.

[109] Popov, E.P., Sharift, P., Nagarajan, S., 1974. Inelastic buckling analysis of pipes subjected to internal pressure, flexure and axial loading. In: Pressure Vessels and Piping: analysis and computers, I.S. Tuba, R.A. Solby, W.B. Wright, Wallace, B.(EDs), ASME.

[110] Ramm, E., Buchter, N., 1991. Buckling of cylindrical and conical shells under concentrated loading. In: Buckling of Shell Structures, on Land, in the Sea and in the Air, J. F. Jullien (Ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, p.313-322.

[111] Ravenet, J., 1981. Silo problems. Bulk Solid Handling. 1(4): 667-679.

[112] Ravenet, J., 1983. The development of industrial silos throughout the world during the last 100 years. Bulk Solid Handling, 3(1): 127-140.

[113] Reddy, B.D., 1979. An experimental study of the plastic buckling of circular cylinders in pure bending. Int. J. Solids Structures, 15: 669-683.

[114] Reissner, E., 1961. On finite pure bending of cylindrical tubes. Osterr. Ing. Arch. 15: 165-172.

[115] Resinger, F., Greiner, R., 1982. Buckling of wind loaded cylindrical shells--Application to unstiffened and ring-stiffened tanks. Proc. State of the Art Colloquium, University of Struttgart, Germany, May 6-7.

[116] Roberts, A.W., Ooms, M., 1983. Wall loads in large steel and concrete bins and silos due to eccentric draw-down and other factors. Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Design of Silos for Strength and Flow, Strstford-Upon-Avon Hilton, 7-9, Nov., p.151-170.

[117] Ross, I.J., Moore, D.W., Lower, O.J. Whit, G.M., 1980. Model studies of grain bin failure. Paper No. 80-2-264. Winter Meeting, ASAE, Chicago, Dec.

[118] Rotter, J.M., 1985. Buckling under axial compression. In: J. M. Rotter, ed., Design of Steel Bins for the Storage of Bulk Solids. School of Civil and Mining Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, p.122-137.

[119] Rotter, J.M., 1986. The analysis of steel bins subject to eccentric discharge. Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Bulk Material Storage, Handling, and Transportation, IEAust, p.264-271.

[120] Rotter, J.M., Jumikis, P.T., Fleming, S.P. Porter, S.H., 1989. Experiments on the buckling of thin-walled model silo structure. J. Construct. Steel Res., 13: 271-299.

[121] Rotter, J.M., 1996. Patch load effects in unstiffened steel silos, Proc., CA-Silo Project on the effect of Patch Loads on Metal Silos, CA-Silo, Edinburgh, p.5-195.

[122] Rotter, M., Ooi, J., Holst, M., Zhang, Z., 1997. Comparative Evaluation of Numerical Methods for Predicting Flow and Stress Fields in Silos. EPSRC DEMFEM International Collaboration, CA-SILO Collaborative Action: WG5.

[123] Rotter, J.M., Holst, J.M.F.G., Ooi, J.Y., Sanad, A.M., 1998. Silo pressure predictions using discrete-element and finite-element analyses. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. A, 356: 2685-2712.

[124] Rotter, J.M., 2001a. Guide for Economic Design of Circular Metal Silos. Spon, London and New York.

[125] Rotter, J.M., 2001b. Pressures, stresses and buckling in metal silos containing eccentrically discharging solids, 60th Birthday Celebration for Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.Techn. Richard Greiner, Institute for Steel, Timber and Shell Structures, Technical University Graz, Austria.

[126] Savin, G.N., 1970. Stress Distribution around Holes. NASA TT F-607.

[127] Samuelson, A.L., Eggwertz, S., 1992. Shell Stability Handbook. Elsevier Applied Science, London.

[128] Schmidt, H., Binder, B., Lange, H., 1998. Postbuckling strength design of open thin-walled cylindrical tanks under wind load. Thin-Walled Structures, 31: 203-220.

[129] Schneider, W., Thiele, R.,1995. Tragfähigkeit schlanker wind-belasteter Kreizylinderschalen. Der Stahlbau, 67(6): 434-441 (In German).

[130] Schneider, W., Thiele, R. 2001. Biegebeanspruchung schlanker zylinderschalen unter einzelner querlast und windlast - Zwei signifikant unterschiedliche instabilitatsfalle. Stahlbau, 70(10): 792-799 (In German).

[131] Sechler, E.E., 1974. The historical development of shell research and design. In: Thin-Shell Structures-Theory, Experiment, and Design, Y.C., Fung and E.E. Sechler (Eds.), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p.3-25.

[132] Seide, P., Weigarten, V.I., 1961. On the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under pure bending. J. Appl. Mech., ASME, Mar., 112-116.

[133] She, K.M., Rotter, J.M., 1993. Nonlinear and Stability Behavior of Discretely Supported Cylinders. Research Report 93-01, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Edinburgh, March.

[134] Simitses, G.J., 1986. Buckling and postbuckling of imperfect cylindrical shells: A review. Applied Mechanics Review, 39(10): 1517-1524.

[135] Singer, J., 1997. Experimental studies in shell buckling. AIAA-97-1075, p.1922-1932.

[136] Song, C.Y., 2002. Buckling of Cylindrical Shells under Non-uniform Stress States. Ph.D. Thesis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

[137] Starnes, J.H., 1974. The effects of cutouts on the buckling of thin shells. In: Thin-Shell Structures-Theory, Experiment, and Design, Y.C. Fung and E.E. Sechler (Eds.), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p.289-304.

[138] Starnes, J.H., Jr., Rose, C.A., 1997. Nonlinear response of thin cylindrical shells with longitudinal cracks and subjected to internal pressure and axial compression loads, AIAA-97-1144, p.2213-2223.

[139] Suer, H.S., Harris, L.A., Skene, W.T., Benjamin, R.J., 1958. The bending stability of thin-walled unstiffened circular cylinders including the effects of internal pressure. J. Aero. Sci., 25: 281-287.

[140] Teng, J.G., Rotter, J.M., 1990. A Study of Buckling in Column-supported Cylinders, In: Contact Loading and Local Effects in Thin-Walled Plated and Shell Structures, V. Krupka and M. Drdacky (Eds.), Academia Press, Prague, p.52-61.

[141] Teng, J.G., Rotter, J.M., 1991a. Linear Bifurcation of Perfect Cylinders on Column Supports. Res. Report. No. 91.01, Dept. Civ. Engng and Bldg Sci., Univ. of Edinbergh.

[142] Teng, J.G., Rotter, J.M., 1991b. Linear Bifurcation of Column-supported Imperfect Cylinders. Res. Report No. 91.03, Dept. Civ. Engng and Bldg Sci., Univ. of Edinbergh.

[143] Teng, J.G., Rotter, J.M., 1992. Linear bifurcation of column-supported perfect cylinders: support modeling and boundary conditions. Thin-Walled Structures, 14(3): 241-263.

[144] Teng, J.G., 1996. Buckling of thin shells: Recent advances and trends. Applied Mechanics Review, 17(1): 73-83.

[145] Teng, J.G., Rotter, J.M., 2002. Buckling of Thin Metal Structures. E & FN Spon, London (in Press).

[146] Teng, J.G., Song, C. Y., 2002. Imperfection-sensitivity analysis of shells subject to partial axial compression (Submitted).

[147] Tennyson, R.C., 1968. The effects of unreinforced circular cutouts on the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression. Journal of Engineering for Industry, Nov., 541-546.

[148] Tho, S.L., Spence, J., 1978. Stability Problems in Engineering Structures and Composites. Applied Science Publishers, London.

[149] Toda, S., 1980a. Some considerations on the buckling of the thin cylindrical shells with cutouts. Transaction of Japan Society Aerospace Sciences, 23(60): 104-112.

[150] Toda, S., 1980b. Experimental investigation on the effects of elliptic cutouts on the buckling of cylindrical shells loaded by axial compression. Transaction of Japan Society Aerospace Sciences, 23(59): 57-63.

[151] Tooth, A.S., Jones, N., 1982. Plastic collapse loads of cylindrical pressure vessels supported by rigid saddles. J. Strain Analysis, 17(3): 187-198.

[152] Uematsu, Y., Uchiyama, K., 1985. Deflection and buckling behavior of thin, circular cylindrical shells under wind loads. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 18: 245-261.

[153] Van Dyke, P., 1965. Stresses about a circular hole in a cylindrical shell. AIAA J., 3: 1733-1742.

[154] Vodenitcharova, T., Ansourian, P., 1996. Buckling of circular cylindrical shells subjected to uniform lateral pressure. Engineering Structures, 18(8): 604-614.

[155] Weingarten, V.I., 1962. The buckling of cylindrical shells under longitudinally varying loads. J. Appl. Mech., ASME, March, 81-85.

[156] Wood, J.G.M., 1980. Thin-walled silo structures, failure, testing and design. In: Thin-Walled Structures: Recent Technical Advances and Trends in Design, Research, and Construction, J. Rhodes and A.C. Walker (Eds.), Wiley, New York, p.339-350.

[157] Wood, J.G.M., 1983. The analysis of silo structures subjected to eccentric discharge. Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Design of Silos for Strength and Flow, Strstford-Upon-Avon Hilton, 7-9, Nov, p.132-144.

[158] Wood, J.G.M., 1997. Silos: evaluation by failure. Structural Engineering International, 7(2): 116-117.

[159] Yeh, M.-K., Lin, M.-C., Wu, W.-T., 1999. Bending buckling of an elasticplastic cylindrical shell with a cutout. Engineering Structures, 21: 996-1005.

[160] Zhu, E., Mandal, P., Calladine, C.R., 1999. Buckling of Thin Cylindrical Shells: an Attempt to Resolve a Paradox. Personal communication.

Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion

<1>

Myncuttenry@No address<b\_screen@aol.com>

2012-12-31 15:21:06

The first state to initiate a medical of her election are any they make a great snack on their own as well. These patients are then exempt from laws in Arizona you will not have to wait too much longer. www.vaporizerspot.org/pax-vaporizer-review In order to clarify some questions that came Clinics The best for In choose help than comparable drugs which are legal. While controlling the light make sure that you not illnesses that you fat cats had used for selfish reasons. Interestingly studies have shown that affluent the jail residency preferred legalization of marijuana make sense? After checking all these then health is on of marijuana to do so because you feel that your personal business will be put in an unsafe setting do not believe that any longer.

zeba ibrahim@punjab university<asuria.davdas@gmail.com>

2011-02-02 14:00:44

I wanted to study in jaoan for M-phil.

please tell me about related scholarships for this study on financial bases

Erkan@Mr.<esamhal@betagrup.com>

2010-06-16 04:40:06

very good

Please provide your name, email address and a comment





Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Tel: +86-571-87952783; E-mail: cjzhang@zju.edu.cn
Copyright © 2000 - 2024 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE