Similar articles

Abstract: Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (Trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita–wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.

[1] Agrios, G.N., 1983. Plant Disease Caused by Fungi. In: Agrios, G.N. (Ed.), Plant Pathology. Academic Press Ltd., London, p.265.

[2] Bakker, P.A.H.M., van Peer, R., Schippers, B., 1991. Suppression of Soil Borne Plant Pathogens by Fluorescent Pseudomonads: Mechanisms and Prospects. In: Beemster, A.B.R., Bollen, G.J., Gerlagh, M., Ruissen, M.A., Schippers, B. (Eds.), Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.217-230.

[3] Barker, K.R., Carter, C.C., Sasser, J.N., 1985. An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Vol. 1, Biology and Control. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

[4] Biermann, B., Lindermann, R.C., 1981. Quantifying vascular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, proposed method towards standardization. New Phytology, 87:63-67.

[5] Bowers, J.H., Nameth, S.T., Riedel, R.M., Rowe, R.C., 1996. Infection and colonization of potato roots by Verticillium dahliae as affected by Pratylenchus penetrans and P. crenatus. Phytopathology, 86:614-621.

[6] Butool, F., Haseeb, A., Shukla, P.K., 1998. Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus L., by the use of nematicides and oilcakes. International Journal of Pest Management, 44:199-202.

[7] Chakrabarti, U., Nageswari, S., Mishra, S.D., 2001. In-vitro study on the effect of neem products on germination of mungbean seeds. Current Nematology, 12:35-37.

[8] Chet, I., 1987. Trichoderma–Application, Mode of Action, and Potential as Biocontrol Agent of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi. In: Chet, I. (Ed.), Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p.137-160.

[9] Cochran, W.G., Cox, G.M., 1957. Experimental Designs. Vol. 2, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, p.611.

[10] De, R.K., Ali, S.S., Dwivedi, R.P., 2000. Interaction between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis and Meloidogyne javanica in lentil. Indian Phytopathology, 53:353.

[11] den Ouden, H., 1958. A new method for culturing plants enabling observation of nematodes on growing roots. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 64:269-272.

[12] Dennis, C., Webster, J., 1971. Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma III. Hyphal interaction. Transactions of British Mycological Society, 57:363-369.

[13] Doncaster, C.C., 1962. A counting dish for nematodes. Nematologica, 7:334-337.

[14] Elad, Y., Chet, I., Henis, Y., 1982. Degradation of plant pathogenic fungi by Trichoderma harzianum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 28:719-725.

[15] Etebarian, H.R., 1992. Studies on Fusarium wilt of tomato its chemical control in varamin soil. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23:1-14.

[16] Evans, A.A.F., 1973. Mode of action of nematicides. Annals of Applied Biology, 75:469-473.

[17] Haseeb, A., Shukla, P.K., 2002. Management of wilt disease of chickpea by the application of chemicals, bio-pesticides and bioagents under field conditions. Current Nematology, 13:61-63.

[18] Haseeb, A., Sharma, A., Shukla, P.K., 2005. Effect of Different Initial Inoculum Levels of Fusarium oxysporum on Vigna radiata. Proceedings of 7th Indian Agricultural Scientists and Farmer’s Congress, Meerut, p.1.

[19] Howard, R.J., Aist, J.R., 1977. Effects of MBC on hyphal tip organization growth and mitosis of Fusarium acuminatum and their antagonism by D₂O. Protoplasma, 92:195.

[20] Howell, C.R., 2003. Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Disease, 87:4-10.

[21] Inbar, J., Abramsky, M., Cohen, D., Chet, I., 1994. Plant growth enhancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 100:337-346.

[22] Kloepper, J.W., Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Mc Inroy, J.A., Young, R.W., 1992. Rhizospheric bacteria antagonistic to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines) and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes: Identification by fatty acid analysis and frequency of biological control activity. Plant and Soil, 139:75-84.

[23] Kraus, W., 1995. Biologically Active Ingredients: Azadirachtin and Other Triterpenoids. In: Schmutterer, H. (Ed.), The Neem Tree, Azadirachta Indica A. Juss., and Other Meliaceous Plants: Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. VCH, Weinheim, Germany, p.35-74.

[24] Mahapatra, S.N., Swain, P.K., 2001. Interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on blackgram. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 9:92-94.

[25] Musabyimana, T., Saxena, R.C., 1999. Efficacy of neem seed derivatives against nematodes affecting banana. Phytoparasitica, 27:43-49.

[26] Oostendrop, M., Sikora, R.A., 1989. Utilization of antagonistic rhizobacteria as a seed treatment for the biological control of Heterodera schachtii in sugarbeet. Revue de Nematology, 12:77-83.

[27] Perveen, K., Haseeb, A., Shukla, P.K., 1999. Effet of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium udum on the disease development and growth of pigeonpea. Current Nematology, 10:33-40.

[28] Philips, J.M., Hayman, D.S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vascular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of British Mycological Society, 55:158-161.

[29] Prasad, K.V.V., Rao, O.P., Agrawal, S.C., 2000. Control of seed borne Fusarium spp. in lentil. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 30:256.

[30] Sikora, R.A., Greco, N., 1993. Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes. In: Luc, M., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J. (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. CAB International, Institute of Parasitology, Wallingford, UK, p.629.

[31] Singh, R.S., Sitaramaiah, K., 1970. Control of plant parasitic nematodes with organic soil amendments. Pests and News Summaries, 16:287-297.

[32] Southey, J.F., 1986. Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, p.202.

[33] Taylor, A.L., Sasser, J.N., 1978. Biology, Identification and Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species). A Cooperative Publication of the Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University and the United States Agency for International Development, Raleigh, North Carolina. p.111.

[34] van Berkum, J.A., Hoestra, H., 1979. Practical Aspects of the Chemical Control of Nematicides in Soil. In: Mulde, D. (Ed.), Soil Disinfestation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.53-134.

[35] Vavilov, N.I., 1951. The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Chronica Botanica, 13:1-364.

[36] Vidhyasekaran, P., Muthamilan, M., 1995. Development of formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of chickpea wilt. Plant disease, 79:782-786.

[37] Weller, D.M., 1988. Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26:379-407.

[38] Windham, G.L., Windham, M.T., Williams, W.P., 1989. Effects of Trichoderma spp. on maize growth and Meloidogyne arenaria reproduction. Plant Disease, 73:493-494.

[39] Wright, D.J., 1981. Nematicides: Mode of Action and New Approaches to Chemical Control. In: Zukerman, B.M., Rhode, R.A. (Eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Vol. 3, Academic Press, New York & London, p.421-449.