Similar articles

Abstract: sorption of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the rate-limiting step in the degradation of CT, so the sorption capacity of ZVI is of great importance. This experiment was aimed at enhancing the sorption of CT by ZVI and the degradation rate of CT by modification of surfactants. This study showed that ZVI modified by cationic surfactants has favorable synergistic effect on the degradation of CT. The CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 130%, and the CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 81%. This study also showed that the best degradation effect is obtained at the near critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and that high loaded cationic surfactant does not have good synergistic effect on the degradation due to its hydrophilicity and the block in surface reduction sites. Furthermore degradation of CT by ZVI modified by nonionic surfactant has not positive effect on the degradation as the ionic surfactant and the ZVI modified by anionic surfactant has hardly any obvious effects on the degradation.

[1] Alessi, D.S., Li, Z., 2001. Synergistic effect of cationic surfactants on perchloroethylene degradation by zero-valent iron. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(18):3713-3717.

[2] Bi, Z., Zhang, Z., Xu, F., Qian, Y., Yu, J., 1999. Wettability, oil recovery and interfacial tension with an SDBS-dodecane-kaolin system. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 214(2):368-372.

[3] Burris, D.R., Antworth, C.P., 1992. In situ modification of an aquifer material by a cationic surfactant to enhance retardation of organic contaminants. J. Contam. Hydrol., 10(4):325-337.

[4] Burris, D.R., Campbell, T.J., Manoranjan, V.S., 1995. Sorption of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in a batch reactive metallic iron-water system. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(11):2850-2855.

[5] Chen, J.L., Al-Abed, S.R., Ryan, J.A., Li, Z., 2001. Effects of pH on dechlorination of trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 83(3):243-254.

[6] Choe, S., Lee, S.H., Chang, Y.Y., Hwang, K.Y., Khim, J., 2001. Rapid reductive destruction of hazardous organic compounds by nanoscale Fe⁰. Chemosphere, 42(4):367-372.

[7] Doong, R.A., Lai, Y.J., 2005. Dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene by palladized iron in the presence of humic acid. Water Research, 39(11):2309-2318.

[8] Guan, B.H., Meng, Y.F., 2005. Dechlorination of chloroform in organic fluorine chemical plant wastewater with zero-valent iron. The American Chemical Society, 229:U844.

[9] Hara, J., Ito, H., Suto, K., Inoue, C., Chida, T., 2005. Kinetics of trichloroethene dechlorination with iron powder. Water Research, 39(6):1165-1173.

[10] Kim, I.S., Park, J.S., Kim, K.W., 2001. Enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using nonionic surfactants in soil slurry. Applied Geochemistry, 16 (11-12):1419-1428.

[11] Ko, S.O., Schlautman, M.A., Carraway, E.R., 1998. Partitioning of hydrophobic organic compounds to sorbed surfactants. 1. Experimental studies. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(18):2769-2775.

[12] Li, Z., Bowman, R.S., 1997. Counterion effects on the sorption of cationic surfactant and chromate on natural clinoptilolite. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31(8):2407-2412.

[13] Li, Z., Jones, H.K., Bowman, R.S., Helferich, R., 1999. Enhanced reduction of chromate and PCE by pelletized surfactant-modified zeolite/zerovalent iron. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(23):4326-4330.

[14] Liu, M., Roy, D., 1995. Surfactant-induced interactions and hydraulic conductivity changes in soil. Waste Management, 15(7):463-470.

[15] Lookman, R., Bastiaens, L., Borremans, B., Maesen, M., Gemoets, J., Diels, L., 2004. Batch-test study on the dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in contaminated aquifer material by zero-valent iron. J. Contam. Hydrol., 74(1-4):133-144.

[16] Mukerjee, P., Mysels, K.J., 1971. Critical Micelle Concentrations of Aqueous Surfactant Systems. US Department of Commerce, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

[17] Partearroyo, M.A., Alonso, A., Goni, F.M., Tribout, M., Paredes, S., 1996. Solubilization of phospholipid bilayers by surfactants belonging to the triton X series: effect of polar group size. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 178(1):156-159.

[18] Qin, J., Zhang, Q., Chuang, K.T., 2001. Catalytic wet oxidation of p-chlorophenol over supported noble metal catalysts. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 29(2):115-123.

[19] Rosen, M.J., 1989. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p.431.

[20] Sayles, G.D., You, G., Wang, M., Kupferle, M.J., 1997. DDT, DDD, and DDE dechlorination by zero-valent iron. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31(12):3448-3454.

[21] Shoemaker, S.H., 1995. Permeable Reactive Barriers. In: Rumer, R.R., Mitchell, K. (Eds.), Assessment of Barrier Containment Technologies. International Containment Technology Workshop, Baltimore Maryland, p.301-353.

[22] Tamara, M.L., Butler, E.C., 2004. Effects of Iron Purity and Groundwater Characteristics on Rates and Products in the Degradation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Iron Metal. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(6):1866-1876.

[23] Tratnyek, P.G., Scherer, M.M., Deng, B., Hu, S., 2001. Effects of natural organic matter, anthropogenic surfactants, and model quinones on the reduction of contaminants by zero-valent iron. Water Research, 35(18):4435-4443.

[24] Zhang, P., Tao, X., Li, Z., Bowman, R.S., 2002. Enhanced perchloroethylene reduction in column systems using surfactant-modified zeolite/zero-valent iron pellets. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(16):3597-3603.