Similar articles

Abstract: To explore the applicability of anoxic-oxic (A/O) activated sludge process for petrochemical wastewater treatment, the relationship between bacterial community structure and pollutants loading/removal efficiencies was investigated by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and other conventional techniques. It showed that when the concentrations of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were 420~560 mg/L and 64~100 mg/L, respectively, the corresponding average effluent concentrations were 160 mg/L and 55 mg/L, which were 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than those of the national standards in China, respectively, demonstrating the inefficient performances of A/O process. Analysis of GC-MS indicated that refractory pollutants were mainly removed by sludge adsorption, but not by biodegradation. PCR-DGGE profile analysis suggested that the biological system was species-rich, but there was apparent succession of the bacterial community structure in different locations of the A/O system. Variations of bacterial community structure and pollutant loadings had obvious influences on pollutants removal efficiencies. Thus, A/O process was inapplicable for the treatment of complicated petrochemical wastewater, and strategies such as the reinforcement of pre-treatment and two-stage A/O process were suggested.

[1] Buchholz-Cleven, B.E.E., Rattunde, B., Straub, K.L., 1997. Screening for genetic diversity of isolates of anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria using DGGE and whole cell hybridization. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 20:301-309.

[2] Eichner, C.A., Erb, R.W., Timmis, K.N., 1999. Thermal gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bioprotection from pollutant shocks in the activated sludge microbial community. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(1):102-109.

[3] Gao, P.P., Zhao, Y., Zhao, L.P., 2003. Analysis of the microbial community of activated sludge in different aeration basins within an industrial phenol remediation system by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 23(6):705-710 (in Chinese).

[4] Hansen, M.C., Tolkernielsen, T., Givskov, M., Molin, S., 1998. Biased 16S rDNA PCR amplification caused by interference from DNA flanking the template region. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 26(2):141-149.

[5] Lapara, T.M., Nakatsu, C.H., Pantea, L.M., Alleman, J.E., 2002. Stability of the bacterial communities supported by a seven-stage biological process treating pharmaceutical wastewater as revealed by PCR-DGGE. Water Research, 36(3):638-646.

[6] Ling, W.H, Xiao, Y.C., 2003. Application of up-flow anaerobic sludge bed in the pretreatment of high concentrated wastewater of petroleum chemical production. Shanghai Chemical Industry, 8:7-10 (in Chinese).

[7] Liu, G.L., Chong, Y.X., Fan, Q.J., Jia, X.S., Li, S.H., 2006. Hydrodynamic effects of the oxidation ditch on the removal efficiency and energy consumption. Environment Science, 27(11):2323-2326 (in Chinese).

[8] Margesin, R., Schinner, F., 1999. Biodegradation of diesel oil by cold-adapted microorganisms in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chemosphere, 38(15):3463-3472.

[9] Marsh, T.L., Liu, W.T., Forney, L.J., Cheng, H., 1998. Beginning a molecular analysis of the eukaryal community in activated sludge. Water Science and Technology, 37(4-5):455-460.

[10] Myers, R.M., 1985. Modification of the melting properties of duplex DNA by attachment of a GC-rich DNA sequence as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Research, 13(9):3111-3129.

[11] Nyholm, N., 1996. Biodegradability characterization of mixtures of chemical contaminants in wastewater—the utility of biotests. Water Science and Technology, 33(6):195-206.

[12] Orphan, V.J., Taylor, L.T., Hafenbradl, D., Delong, E.F., 2000. Culture-dependent and culture-independent characterization of microbial assemblages associated with high-temperature petroleum reservoirs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(2):700-711.

[13] Patel, H., Madamwar, D., 2002. Effects of temperatures and organic loading rates on biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater using an anaerobic upflow fixed-film reactor. Bioresource Technology, 82(1):65-71.

[14] Ren, N.Q., Ma, F., 2003.Theory and Application of Microbiology for Pollution Control. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, p.64-68 (in Chinese).

[15] SEPAC (State Environmental Protection Administration of China), 2002. Water and Wastewater Analytical Methods (4Ed.). China Environmental Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

[16] Shi, L.J., Xun, Y.X., Yang, F.L., Zhang, X.W., Wang, X.J., Kenji, F., 2006. Biological nitrogen removal from petrochemical wastewater using anoxic and oxic swim-bed reactor. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 57(1):104-108 (in Chinese).

[17] SSB (State Standard Bureau), 2002. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant GB18918-2002. Standards Press of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (in Chinese).

[18] Wen, Y., Huang, X.F., Qiu Z., Wang F., Zhang, F.J., Zhou, Q., 2006. Experimental study on the mechanism of oilfield wastewater treatment by using hydrolysis-acidification with aerobic biological process. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 27(7):1362-1368 (in Chinese).

[19] Xue, L.H., 2002. Transfer and transformation of the organic compound in the process of treating municipal wastewater. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2(5):45-47 (in Chinese).