Similar articles

Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on embryonic chicken ovarian germ cell proliferation and its possible involvements of protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC) pathways. Ovarian cells were treated with FSH alone or in the presence of forskolin (FRSK), PKA inhibitor (H₈₉), PKC activator (PMA) or inhibitor (H₇). The germ cell number was counted from micropictures. The immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was applied to identify the proliferating cells. The germ cell labeling index (LI) was determined for cell proliferation. The FSH treatment increased the germ cell number, and this stimulating effect was enhanced by FRSK or PMA, but inhibited by H₈₉ or H₇ in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the PCNA-LI showed parallel changes with germ cell numbers. This study suggests that FSH may stimulate proliferation of cultured chicken ovarian germ cells by activation of both the PKA and PKC signaling pathways.

[1]Akazome, Y., Abe, T., Mori, T., 2002. Differentiation of chicken gonad as an endocrine organ: expression of LH receptor, FSH receptor, cytochrome P450c17 and aromatase genes. Reproduction, 123(5):721-728.

[2]Alam, H., Weck, J., Maizels, E., Park, Y., Lee, E.J., Ashcroft, M., Hunzicker-Dunn, M., 2009. Role of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and extracellular regulated kinase pathways in the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activity and the HIF-1 target vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian granulose cells in response to follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology, 150(2):915-928.

[3]Ali, A., Sirard, M.A., 2005. Protein kinases influence bovine oocyte competence during short-term treatment with recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone. Reproduction, 130(3):303-310.

[4]Crépieux, P., Martinat, N., Marion, S., Guillou, F., Reiter, E., 2002. Cellular adhesion of primary sertoli cells affects responsiveness of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 to follicle-stimulating hormone but not to epidermal growth factor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 399(2):245-250.

[5]Dorrington, J., Chuma, A.V., Bendell, J.J., 1988. Transforming growth factor β and follicle-stimulating hormone promote rat granulose cell proliferation. Endocrinology, 123(1):353-359.

[6]Eskola, V., Ryhanen, P., Savisalo, M., Rannikko, A., Kananen, K., Sprengel, R., Huhtaniemi, I., 1998. Stable transfection of the rat follicle-stimulating hormone receptor complementary DNA into an immortalized murine Sertoli cell line. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 139(1-2):143-152.

[7]Hunzicker-Dunn, M., Maizels, E.T., 2006. FSH signaling pathways in immature granulose cells that regulate target gene expression: branching out from protein kinase A. Cell. Signal., 18(9):1351-1359.

[8]Jin, S., Zhang, M., Lei, L., Wang, C., Fu, M., Ning, G., Xia, G., 2006. Meiosis activating sterol (MAS) regulate FSH-induced meiotic resumption of cumulus cell-enclosed porcine oocytes via PKC pathway. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 249(1-2):64-70.

[9]Liu, H.Y., Zhang, C.Q., 2006. Ginsenosides promote proliferation of cultured ovarian germ cells involving protein kinase C-mediated system in embryonic chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 19(7):958-963.

[10]Liu, H.Y., Zhang, C.Q., Zeng, W.D., 2006. Estrogenic and antioxidant effects of a phytoestrogen daidzein on ovarian germ cells in embryonic chickens. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 31(3):258-268.

[11]Lu, Z., Xia, G., Zhang, J., 2001. Protein kinase C, rather than protein kinase A is involved in follicle-stimulating hormone-mediated meiotic resumption of mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes in hypoxanthine-supplemented medium. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 182(2):225-232.

[12]Mao, X., Zhang, C., Saito, N., Shimada, K., 2000. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acids of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in the embryonic and posthatch gonads of chicken. Jpn. Poult. Sci., 37(4):212-220.

[13]Méndez, M.C., Ramírez, M., Varela, A.R., Chávez, B., Pedernera, E., 2003. Follicle stimulating hormone increases cell proliferation in the ovary and testis of the chick embryo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 133(2):181-188.

[14]Méndez-Herrera, M.C., Támez, L., Candido, A., Reyes-Esparza, J.A., 1998. Follicle stimulating hormone increases somatic and germ cell number in the ovary during chick embryo development. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 111(2):207-215.

[15]Ohtani, K., Sakamoto, H., Kikuchi, A., Nakayama, Y., Idei, T., Igarashi, N., Matukawa, T., Satoh, K., 2001. Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells through the protein kinase C-mediated system. Cancer Lett., 166(2):207-213.

[16]Pasapera, A.M., Jiménez-Aguilera, M.P., Chauchereau, A., Milgrom, E., Olivares, A., Uribe, A., Gutiérrez-Sagal, R., Ulloa-Aguirre, A., 2005. Effects of FSH and 17β-estradiol on the transactivation of estrogen-regulated promoters and cell proliferation in L cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 94(4):289-302.

[17]Pedernera, E., Solis, L., Peralta, I., Velázquez, P.N., 1999. Proliferative and steroidogenic effects of follicle-stimulating hormone during chick embryo gonadal development. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 116(2):213-220.

[18]Peralta, I., Romano, M.C., Velázquez, P.N., 2009. Signaling pathways involved in the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on chick embryo testis cell. Poult. Sci., 88(2):380-386.

[19]Richards, J.S., Russell, D.L., Ochsner, S., Hsieh, M., Doyle, K.H., Falende, A.E., Lo, Y.K., Sharma, S.C., 2002. Novel signaling pathways that control ovarian follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization. Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 57(1):195-220.

[20]Velázquez, P.N., Peralta, I., Pedernera, E., 1997. Proliferative effect in vitro of follicle-stimulating hormone on the left ovary of the chick embryo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 105(1):40-49.

[21]Woods, J.E., Damianides-Keenan, M., Thommes, R.C., 1991. FSH- and TSH-binding cells in the ovary of the developing chick embryo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 82(3):487-494.

[22]Xie, M.N., Zhang, C.Q., Zeng, W.D., Mi, Y.L., 2004. Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and 17β-estradiol on germ cell development of chicken embryonic ovary in culture. Comp. Biochem. Phys. A, 139(4):521-526.

[23]Yogo, K., Ogawa, T., Akiyama, M., Ishida, N., Takeya, T., 2002. Identification and functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites in Cx43 in rat primary granulosa cells. FEBS Lett., 531(2):132-136.

[24]Yu, Y., Li, W., Han, Z., Luo, M., Chang, Z., Tan, J., 2003. The effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on follicular development, granulose cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis and its mediation by insulin-like growth factor-I in the goat ovary. Theriogenology, 60(9):1691-1704.

[25]Zhang, D.L., Wang, K.M., Zhang, C.Q., 2009. Ginsenosides stimulated the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia involving activation of protein kinase C. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B, 10(2):87-92.