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Abstract: Temperature is one of the major environmental signals controlling plant development, geographical distribution, and seasonal behavior. Plants perceive adverse temperatures, such as high, low, and freezing temperatures, as stressful signals that can cause physiological defects and even death. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to recurring stressful environments through changing gene expression or transcriptional reprogramming. transcriptional memory refers to the ability of primed plants to remember previously experienced stress and acquire enhanced tolerance to similar or different stresses. Epigenetic modifications mediate transcriptional memory and play a key role in adapting to adverse temperatures. Understanding the mechanisms of the formation, maintenance, and resetting of stress-induced transcriptional memory will not only enable us to understand why there is a trade-off between plant defense and growth, but also provide a theoretical basis for generating stress-tolerant crops optimized for future climate change. In this review, we summarize recent advances in dissecting the mechanisms of plant transcriptional memory in response to adverse temperatures, based mainly on studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We also discuss remaining questions that are important for further understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional memory during the adverse temperature response.

植物在不利温度下的反应和转录记忆

概要：温度是调控植物生长发育、地理分布和季节性行为的主要环境信号之一。在自然界中植物感受高温、低温和冻害等不利温度胁迫后，会引起生理上的损害甚至死亡。植物不可以移动，但植物已经进化出复杂的应对机制，通过改变基因表达或转录重编程适应反复出现的不利环境。转录记忆是指植物通过转录调控对第一次胁迫产生的记忆能力，在受到再次相似或不同胁迫时表现出增强的抵御能力。表观遗传修饰在植物对不利温度胁迫中转录记忆的调控具有重要作用。解析温度胁迫中转录记忆形成、维持和重建的分子机制，不仅可以探索植物在应对逆境和生长发育中的平衡策略，而且可以为培养适应未来气候的耐胁迫作物提供理论指导。本文主要综述模式植物拟南芥的研究结果，阐述了不利温度胁迫下植物转录记忆的分子机制，并对此机制中一些有待解决的重要问题进行了讨论。

关键词：转录记忆；温度胁迫；春化作用；冷驯化；热形态建成；热胁迫

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