Similar articles

Abstract: An online experiment to acquire the interior noise of a China Railways High-speed (CRH) train showed that it was mainly composed of middle-low frequency components and could not be described properly by linear or A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL). Thus, the appropriate way to evaluate the high-speed train interior noise is to use sound quality parameters, and the most important is loudness. To overcome the disadvantages of the existing loudness algorithms, a novel signal-adaptive Moore loudness algorithm (AMLA) based on the equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) spectrum was introduced. The validation reveals that AMLA can obtain higher accuracy and efficiency, and the simulated dark red noise conforms best to the high-speed train interior noise by loudness and auditory assessment. The main loudness component of the interior noise is below 27.6 ERB rate (erbr), and the sound quality of the interior noise is relatively stable between 300–350 km/h. The specific loudness components among 12–15 erbr stay invariable throughout the acceleration or deceleration process while components among 20–27 erbr are evidently speed related. The unusual random noise is effectively identified, which indicates that AMLA is an appropriate method for sound quality assessment of the high-speed train under both steady and transient conditions.

This is a generally well written paper describing sound quality evaluation of high-speed train interior noise by AMLA method. It is original and the paper makes a useful contribution to a challenging topic.

基于自适应Moore响度算法研究高速列车车内声品质

[1]ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 2005. Procedure for the Computation of Loudness of Steady Sounds, ANSI S3.4-2005. National Standards of America.

[2]Cook, V.G.C., Ali, A., 2012. End-of-line inspection for annoying noises in automobiles: trends and perspectives. Applied Acoustics, 73(3):265-275.

[3]Deng, Y., Xiao, X., He, B., et al., 2014. Analysis of external noise spectrum of high-speed railway. Journal of Central South University, 21(12):4753-4761.

[4]Ding, J.J., Pei, S.C., 2013. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principles for the 2-D nonseparable linear canonical transforms. Signal Processing, 93(5):1027-1043.

[5]Fletcher, H., Munson, W.A., 1933. Loudness, its definition, measurement and calculation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 5(2):82-108.

[6]Glasberg, B.R., Moore, B., 2002. A model of loudness applicable to time-varying sounds. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 50(5):331-342.

[7]Gu, X.A., 2006. Railway environmental noise control in China. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 293(3-5):1078-1085.

[8]Hellman, R., Zwicker, E., 1987. Why can a decrease in dB(A) produce an increase in loudness? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82(5):1700-1705.

[9]ISO (International Organization for Standardization), 1975. Acoustic-method for Calculation Loudness Level, ISO 532:1975. ISO.

[10]Jiao, Z.X., Liu, W., He, L.S., 2012. Three methods for calculating Moore’s loudness. China Measurement and Test, 38(1):5-8 (in Chinese).

[11]Jin, X.S., 2014. Key problems faced in high-speed train operation. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 15(12):936-945.

[12]Mao, J., Hao, Z.Y., Zheng, K., et al., 2013. Experimental validation of sound quality simulation and optimization of a four-cylinder diesel engine. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 14(5):341-352.

[13]Matsumoto, A., Sato, Y., Ohno, H., et al., 2005. Improvement of bogie curving performance by using friction modifier to rail/wheel interface: verification by full-scale rolling stand test. Wear, 258(7-8):1201-1208.

[14]Mellet, C., Létourneaux, F., Poisson, F., et al., 2006. High speed train noise emission: latest investigation of the aerodynamic/rolling noise contribution. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 293(3-5):535-546.

[15]Moore, B., Glasberg, B.R., Baer, T., 1997. A model for the prediction of thresholds, loudness, and partial loudness. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 45(4):224-240.

[16]Ning, J., Lin, J., Zhang, B., 2016. Time–frequency processing of track irregularities in high-speed train. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 66-67:339-348.

[17]Noh, H., Choi, S., Hong, S., et al., 2014. Investigation of noise sources in high-speed trains. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 228(3):307-322.

[18]Park, B., Jeon, J., Choi, S., et al., 2015. Short-term noise annoyance assessment in passenger compartments of high-speed trains under sudden variation. Applied Acoustics, 97:46-53.

[19]SAC (Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China), 2006. The Limiting Value and Measurement Method for the Interior Noise in the Railway Passenger Coach, GB/T 12816-2006. National Standards of the People’s Republic of China (in Chinese).

[20]SAC (Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China), 2007. Acoustics–Normal Equal-loudness-level Contours, GB/T 4963-2007. National Standards of the People’s Republic of China (in Chinese).

[21]Sone, S., 2015. Comparison of the technologies of the Japanese Shinkansen and Chinese high-speed railways. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 16(10):769-780.

[22]Soeta, Y., Shimokura, R., 2013. Survey of interior noise characteristics in various types of trains. Applied Acoustics, 74(10):1160-1166.

[23]Stevens, S.S., 1956. Calculation of the loudness of complex noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28(5):807-832.

[24]Tan, P., Ma, J.E., Zhou, J., et al., 2016. Sustainability development strategy of China’s high speed rail. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 17(12):923-932.

[25]Zhang, J., Xiao, X.B., Wang, D., et al., 2012. Characteristics and evaluation of noises in the tourist cabin of a train running at more than 350 km/h. Journal of the China Railway Society, 34(10):23-29 (in Chinese).

[26]Zhang, X., Li, X., Hao, H., et al., 2016. A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains: its mechanism, prediction and countermeasures. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 367: 129-144.

[27]Zheng, X., Hao, Z.Y., Wang, X., et al., 2016. A full-spectrum analysis of high-speed train interior noise under multi-physical-field coupling excitations. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 75:525-543.

[28]Zhou, J., Liu, D., Li, X., et al., 2012. Pink noise: effect on complexity synchronization of brain activity and sleep consolidation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 306:68-72.

[29]Zwicker, E., 1956. On the loudness of continuous noises. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28(4):764.