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Abstract: The most common cause of mortality in people is cancer, which has turned into an unbridgeable health gap because of its unrestrained aberrant proliferation, quick growth, metastasis, and high heterogeneity. Conventional two-dimensional cell culture models along with animal models for tumor diagnostic and therapeutic studies have extremely low clinical translation rates due to their intrinsic limitations. Appropriate tumor models are required for cancer research. Engineered human 3D cancer models are better able to replicate the spatial organization, cellular resources, and tumor microenvironment features (hypoxia, necrosis, and delayed proliferation) of the actual human tumor microenvironment. Emerging technology known as 3D bioprinting makes it possible to fabricate live structures by precisely regulating the spatial distribution of cells, biomolecules, and matrix components. The aim of this paper is to review the current technology and bioink of 3D bioprinted cancer models, including glioma, breast, liver, intestinal, cervical, ovarian, and neuroblastoma models, as well as the advances in their applications in the fields of tumor microenvironment, tumor vascularization, tumor stem cells, tumor resistance and drug screening, tumor immunotherapy, and precision medicine.