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Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints
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Zhongpeng NI1, Heng ZHANG1, Jing XIA1, Wence ZHANG1, Wa KONG1, Chao YU2, Xiao-Wei ZHU2. Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science C, 1998, -1(-1): .
@article{title="Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints",
author="Zhongpeng NI1, Heng ZHANG1, Jing XIA1, Wence ZHANG1, Wa KONG1, Chao YU2, Xiao-Wei ZHU2",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science C",
volume="-1",
number="-1",
pages="",
year="1998",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints
%A Zhongpeng NI1
%A Heng ZHANG1
%A Jing XIA1
%A Wence ZHANG1
%A Wa KONG1
%A Chao YU2
%A Xiao-Wei ZHU2
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C
%V -1
%N -1
%P
%@ 1869-1951
%D 1998
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110
TY - JOUR
T1 - Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints
A1 - Zhongpeng NI1
A1 - Heng ZHANG1
A1 - Jing XIA1
A1 - Wence ZHANG1
A1 - Wa KONG1
A1 - Chao YU2
A1 - Xiao-Wei ZHU2
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science C
VL - -1
IS - -1
SP -
EP -
%@ 1869-1951
Y1 - 1998
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110
Abstract: This paper proposes an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high efficiency load-modulation%29&ck%5B%5D=abstract&ck%5B%5D=keyword'>current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers (CB-RLM PAs). First, given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs, a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations. For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off (PBO) states, approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations. These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations (e.g., saturated efficiency, 6 dB PBO efficiency, and saturated output power) for matching network optimization and design. Second, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights, neighborhood, and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance. Finally, to validate the proposed method, a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6-1.8 GHz was designed and fabricated. Measured results show that the efficiencies at saturation, 6 dB PBO, and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%, with saturated output power maintained at 40.9-41.5 dBm, which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.
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