[1] Ahn, M.J., Yoon, K.D., Kim, C.Y., Min, S.Y., Kim, Y., Kim, H.J., Kim, J.H., Shin, C.G., Lee, C.K., Kim, T.G., et al., 2002. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 integrase and antiviral activity of Korean seaweed extracts. J. Appl. Phycol., 14(5):325-329.

[2] Alché, L.E., Barquero, A.A., Sanjuan, N.A., Coto, C.E., 2002. An antiviral principle present in a purified fraction from Melia Azedarach L. leaf aqueous extract restrains herpes simplex virus type-1 propagation. Phytother. Res., 16(4):348-352.

[3] Ammendolia, M.G., Marchetti, M., Superti, F., 2007. Bovine lactoferrin prevents the entry and intercellular spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Green Monkey Kidney cells. Antiviral Res., 76(3):252-262.

[4] Ang, P.O., 2005. Studies of Marine Algae in Hong Kong. In: Critichley, A.T., Ohno, M., Largo, D. (Eds.), World Seaweed Resources. ETI Information Services Ltd., Wokingham, Berkshire, UK, Part 3.04.

[5] Baba, M., Snoeck, R., Pauwels, R., de Clercq, E., 1988. Sulfated polysaccharides are potent and selective inhibitors of various enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 32(11):1742-1745.

[6] Becker, Y., 2007. Past, present and future of RSV and PIV vaccines and anti-RSV antibodies for the protection of humans against RSV. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 17(8):941-953.

[7] Béress, A., Wassermann, O., Bruhn, T., Béress, L., 1993. A new procedure for the isolation of anti-HIV compounds (polysaccharides and polyphenols) from the marine alga Fucus vesiculosus. J. Nat. Prod., 56(4):478-488.

[8] Bourne, K.Z., Bourne, N., Reising, S.F., Stanberry, L.R., 1999. Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus type 2. Antiviral Res., 42(3):219-226.

[9] Burleson, F.G., Chambers, T.M., Wiedbrauk, D.L., 1992. Virology: A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, California, San Diego, p.53-61.

[10] Chi-Ming Chiu, L., Zhu, W., Eng-Choon Ooi, V., 2004. A polysaccharide fraction from medicinal herb Prunella vulgaris downregulates the expression of herpes simplex virus antigen in Vero cells. J. Ethnopharmacol., 93(1):63-68.

[11] Chutkowski, C., Olson, B., McDonough, A., Mahoney, J., McSharry, J.J., 2002. Use of a single monoclonal antibody to determine the susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 clinical isolates to acyclovir. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 9(6):1379-1381.

[12] Damonte, E., Neyts, J., Pujol, C.A., Snoeck, R., Andrei, G., Ikeda, S., Witvrouw, M., Reymen, D., Haines, H., Matulewicz, M.C., et al., 1994. Antiviral activity of a sulphated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Nothogenia fastigiata. Biochem. Pharmacol., 47(12):2187-2192.

[13] de Clercq, E., 1985. Antiviral and antimetabolic activities of neplanocins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 28(1):84-89.

[14] de Clercq, E., 1996. Perspectives for the chemotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 7(3):193-202.

[15] González, M.E., Alarcón, B., Carrasco, L., 1987. Polysaccharides as antiviral agents: antiviral activity of carrageenan. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31(9):1388-1393.

[16] Huleihel, M., Ishanu, V., Tal, J., Arad, S., 2001. Antiviral effect of red microalgal polysaccharides on herpes simplex and Varicella zoster viruses. J. Appl. Phycol., 13(2):127-134.

[17] Kneyber, M.C.J., Moll, H.A., de Groot, R., 2000. Treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Eur. J. Pediatr., 159(6):399-411.

[18] Li, Y.L., But, P.P.H., Ooi, V.E.C., 2005. Antiviral activity and mode of action of caffeoylquinic acids from Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin. Antiviral Res., 68(1):1-9.

[19] Mayer, A.M.S., Lehmann, V.K.B., 2000. Marine pharmacology in 1998: marine compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, and antiviral activities; with actions on the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanism of action. The Pharmacologist, 42:62-69.

[20] Nakashima, H., Kido, Y., Kobayashi, N., Motoki, Y., Neushul, M., Yamamoto, N., 1987. Prification and characterization of an avian myeloblastosis and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31(10):1524-1528.

[21] Ponce, N.M.A, Pujol, C.A., Damonte, E.B., Flores, M.L., Stortz, C.A., 2003. Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis: extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydr. Res., 338(2):153-165.

[22] Scott, P.D., Ochola, R., Sande, D., Ngama, M., Okiro, E.A., Medley, G.F., Nokes, D.J., Cane, P.A., 2007. Comparison of strain-specific antibody responese during primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus. J. Med. Virol., 79(12):1943-1950.

[23] Serkedjieva, J., Ivancheva, S., 1998. Antiherpes virus activity of extracts from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 64(1):59-68.

[24] Wang, H., Li, Y.L., Shen, W.Z., Rui, W., Ma, X.J., Cen, Y.Z., 2007a. Antiviral activity of a sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) compound isolated from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa. Botanica Marina, 50(3):185-190.

[25] Wang, H., Ooi, E.C.V., Ang, P.O.Jr., 2007b. Antiviral polysaccharides isolated from Hong Kong brown seaweed Hydroclathrus clathratus. Sci. China C Life Sci., 50(5):611-618.

[26] Witvrouw, M., de Clercq, E., 1997. Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae as potential antiviral drugs. Gen. Pharmacol., 29(4):497-511.

[27] Zhu, W., 2002. Antiviral Activities of Selected Hong Kong Marine Algae against Herpes Simplex Viruses and Other Viruses and Their Possible Antiviral Mechanisms. PhD Thesis, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, p.186-188.

[28] Zhu, W., Ooi, V.E.C., Chan, P.K.S., Ang, P.O.Jr., 2003. Isolation and characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Sargassum patens and determination of its anti-herpes activity. Biochem. Cell Biol., 81(1):25-33.