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Abstract: Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common soft-tissue malignancies in children, but is rare in persons aged >45 years (Triche, 1997; Ferrari et al., 2003). RMS is considered to result from the malignant transformation of primitive mesenchymal cells. The head, neck, and limbs are the principal locations of RMS. Primary pulmonary RMS is extremely rare and is frequently misdiagnosed as small cell lung cancer.

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