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Abstract: breast cancer is globally the most common invasive cancer in women and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy are currently the main treatments for this cancer type. However, some breast cancer patients are prone to drug resistance related to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, resulting in limited treatment efficacy. Consequently, traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs) as natural products have become an attractive source of novel drugs. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the active components of animal-derived TCMMs, including Ophiocordyceps sinensis-derived cordycepin, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O. sinensis, norcantharidin (NCTD), Chansu, bee venom, deer antlers, Ostrea gigas, and scorpion venom, with reference to marked anti-breast cancer effects due to regulating cell cycle arrest, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In future studies, the underlying mechanisms for the antitumor effects of these components need to be further investigated by utilizing multi-omics technologies. Furthermore, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of bioactive constituents alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer treatment.

动物来源中药活性组分在乳腺癌中的运用：机遇和挑战

余超超¹，李怡²，陈国鹏³，吴朝妍¹，王秀萍¹，张莹雯^1
1武汉大学中南医院中西医结合科，中国武汉430071
²武汉大学中南医院肿瘤放化疗科，中国武汉430071
³武汉大学中南医院血液科，中国武汉430071
概要：乳腺癌已成为发病率最高的女性恶性肿瘤之一，严重威胁女性健康。化疗联合手术、放射治疗几乎可用于乳腺癌治疗的各个阶段，但化疗相关耐药性常导致治疗效果有限。传统中药材已成为极具吸引力的新型药物研发来源之一。具有抗乳腺癌效应的中药主要包括中草药类、动物类中药材，近年来关于其抗肿瘤效应的机制研究层出不穷。目前虽有相关综述对抗乳腺癌的中草药进行了讨论分析，而关于动物类来源中药材的抗乳腺癌机制却缺乏系统的总结和分析。本文通过系统地综述和分析，探讨了冬虫夏草来源的虫草素及其水或乙醇提取物、蟾酥、去甲斑蝥素、蜂毒素、鹿茸、牡蛎等中药材可通过调节细胞周期、增殖、凋亡及肿瘤细胞耐药性发挥抗乳腺癌作用。在未来的研究中，需要采用多组学技术进一步研究这些成分的抗乳腺癌作用机制。此外，有必要进行相关临床试验以验证这些动物来源中药活性成分单独或与化疗药物联合治疗乳腺癌的疗效及安全性。

关键词：乳腺癌；中药材；活性成分；抗肿瘤效应

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