CLC number: R384.4; R757.3
On-line Access: 2012-06-29
Received: 2012-06-01
Revision Accepted: 2012-08-29
Crosschecked: 2012-09-04
Cited: 5
Clicked: 6079
Ya-e Zhao, Zheng-hang Wang, Yang Xu, Ji-ru Xu, Wen-yan Liu, Meng Wei, Chu-ying Wang. Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2012, 13(10): 763-768.
@article{title="Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites",
author="Ya-e Zhao, Zheng-hang Wang, Yang Xu, Ji-ru Xu, Wen-yan Liu, Meng Wei, Chu-ying Wang",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science B",
volume="13",
number="10",
pages="763-768",
year="2012",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.B1200155"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites
%A Ya-e Zhao
%A Zheng-hang Wang
%A Yang Xu
%A Ji-ru Xu
%A Wen-yan Liu
%A Meng Wei
%A Chu-ying Wang
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B
%V 13
%N 10
%P 763-768
%@ 1673-1581
%D 2012
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.B1200155
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites
A1 - Ya-e Zhao
A1 - Zheng-hang Wang
A1 - Yang Xu
A1 - Ji-ru Xu
A1 - Wen-yan Liu
A1 - Meng Wei
A1 - Chu-ying Wang
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science B
VL - 13
IS - 10
SP - 763
EP - 768
%@ 1673-1581
Y1 - 2012
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.B1200155
Abstract: To our knowledge, few reports on Demodex studied at the molecular level are available at present. In this study our group, for the first time, cloned, sequenced and analyzed the chitin synthase (CHS) gene fragments of Demodex folliculorum, Demodex brevis, and Demodex canis (three isolates from each species) from Xi’an China, by designing specific primers based on the only partial sequence of the CHS gene of D. canis from Japan, retrieved from GenBank. Results show that amplification was successful only in three D. canis isolates and one D. brevis isolate out of the nine Demodex isolates. The obtained fragments were sequenced to be 339 bp for D. canis and 338 bp for D. brevis. The CHS gene sequence similarities between the three Xi’an D. canis isolates and one Japanese D. canis isolate ranged from 99.7% to 100.0%, and those between four D. canis isolates and one D. brevis isolate were 99.1%–99.4%. Phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods shared the same clusters, according with the traditional classification. Two open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in each CHS gene sequenced, and their corresponding amino acid sequences were located at the catalytic domain. The relatively conserved sequences could be deduced to be a CHS class A gene, which is associated with chitin synthesis in the integument of Demodex mites.
[1]Ampasala, D.R., Zheng, S., Zhang, D., Ladd, T., Doucet, D., Krell, P.J., Retnakaran, A., Feng, Q., 2011. An epidermis-specific chitin synthase cDNA in Choristoneura fumiferana: cloning, characterization, developmental and hormonal-regulated expression. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 76(2):83-96.
[2]Arakane, Y., Zhu, Y.C., Kramer, K.J., Charles, A., Michael, R., 2004. Characterization of two chitin synthase genes of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and alternate exon usage in one of the genes during development. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 34(3):291-304.
[3]Ayres, S., Anderson, N.P., 1932. Demodex folliculorum—its role in the etiology of acne rosacea. Arch. Dermatol., 25(1):89-98.
[4]Ayres, S.Jr., Ayres, S.3rd, 1961. Demodectic eruptions (demodicidosis) in the human. Arch. Dermatol., 83(5):816-827.
[5]Chakrabarti, A., Pradhan, N.R., 1985. Demodicidosis in livestock in West Bengal (India). Int. J. Zoonoses, 12(4):283-290.
[6]Chen, X.F., Yang, X., Kumar, N.S., Tang, B., Sun, X.J., Qiu, X.M., Hu, J., Zhang, W.Q., 2007. The class A chitin synthase gene in Spodoptera exigua: molecular cloning and expressional patterns. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37(5):409-417.
[7]Forton, F., Seys, B., 1993. Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case-control study using standardized skin-surface biopsy. Br. J. Dermatol., 128(6):650-659.
[8]Forton, F., Germaux, M.A., Brasseur, T., de Liever, A., Laporte, M., Mathys, C., Sass, U., Stene, J., Thibaut, S., Tytgat, M., et al., 2005. Demodicosis and rosacea: epidemiology and significance in daily dermatologic practice. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 52(1):74-87.
[9]Gagou, M.E., Kapsetaki, M., Turberg, A., Kafetzopoulos, D., 2002. Stage-specific expression of the chitin synthase DmeChSA and DmeChSB genes during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 32(2):141-146.
[10]Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W., Gascuel, O., 2010. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst. Biol., 59(3):307-321.
[11]Hogenkamp, D.G., Arakane, Y., Zimoch, L., Merzendorfer, H., Kramer, K.J., Beeman, R.W., Kanost, M.R., Specht, C.A., Muthukrishnan, S., 2005. Chitin synthase genes in Manduca sexta, characterization of a gut-specific transcript and differential tissue expression of alternately spliced mRNAs during development. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 35(6):529-540.
[12]Ibrahim, G.H., Smartt, C.T., Kiley, L.M., Christensen, B.M., 2000. Cloning and characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA from the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30(12):1213-1222.
[13]Izdebska, J.N., 2010. Demodex sp. (Acari, Demodecidae) and Demodecosis in dogs: characteristics, symptoms, occurrence. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 54(3):335-338.
[14]Kumar, N.S., Tang, B., Chen, X.F., Tian, H.G., Zhang, W.Q., 2008. Molecular cloning, expression and comparative analysis of chitin synthase gene B in Spodoptera exigua. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 149(3):447-453.
[15]Mederle, N., Darabu, G., Oprescu, I., Morariu, S., Ilie, M., Indre, D., Mederle, O., 2010. Diagnosis of canine demodicosis. Sci. Parasitol., 11(1):20-23.
[16]Merzendorfer, H., Zimoch, L., 2003. Chitin metabolism in insects: structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases. J. Exp. Biol., 206(24):4393-4412.
[17]Piao, D.H., Fan, D., 2008. Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase partial cDNA from Mamestra brassicae (L.). J. Northeast Agric. Univ., 39(9):53-57 (in Chinese).
[18]Qu, M., Liu, T., Yang, J., Yang, Q., 2011. The gene, expression pattern and subcellular localization of chitin synthase B from the insect Ostrinia furnacalis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 404(1):302-307.
[19]Ravera, I., Altet, L., Francino, O., Bardagí, M., Sánchez, A., Ferrer, L., 2011. Development of a real-time PCR to detect Demodex canis DNA in different tissue samples. Parasitol. Res., 108(2):305-308.
[20]Rojas, M.D., Riazzo, C., Callejón, R., Guevara, D., Cutillas, C., 2012. Morphobiometrical and molecular study of two populations of Demodex folliculorum from humans. Parasitol. Res., 110(1):227-233.
[21]Smith, H.J., 1961. Demodicidosis in a flock of goats. Can. Vet. J., 2(6):231-233.
[22]Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S., 2007. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24(8):1596-1599.
[23]Tellam, R., Vuocolo, T., Johnson, S.E., Jarmey, J., Pearson, R.D., 2000. Insect chitin synthase cDNA sequence, gene organization and expression. Eur. J. Biochem., 267(19):6025-6043.
[24]Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewni, F., Jeanmougin, F., Higgins, D.G., 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res., 25(24):4876-4882.
[25]Toops, E., Blagburn, B., Lenaghan, S., Kennis, R., MacDonald, J., Dykstra, C., 2010. Extraction and characterization of DNA from Demodex canis. Intern. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 8(1):31-43.
[26]Xu, H.Z., Xiao, F.P., Qin, Z.Y., Ye, X.F., Ai, Y.P., 2009. Early diagnosis, prevention and cure of goat Demodicidosis. Guizhou Agric. Sci., 37(11):125-126 (in Chinese).
[27]Zhang, J., Zhu, K.Y., 2006. Characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA and its increased mRNA level associated with decreased chitin synthesis in Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 36(9):712-725.
[28]Zhao, Y.E., Cheng, H., 2009. RAPD analysis and sequence alignment of genomic DNA of hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis (Acari: Demodicidae). Acta Entomol. Sin., 52(11):1273-1279 (in Chinese).
[29]Zhao, Y.E., Wu, L.P., 2012a. Phylogenetic relationships in Demodex mites (Acari: Demodicidae) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA partial sequences. Parasitol. Res., 111(3):1113-1121.
[30]Zhao, Y.E., Wu, L.P., 2012b. RAPD-SCAR marker and genetic relationship analysis of three Demodex species (Acari: Demodicidae). Parasitol. Res., 110(6):2395-2402.
[31]Zhao, Y.E., Guo, N., Wu, L.P., 2009a. The effect of temperature on the viability of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. Parasitol. Res., 105(6):1623-1628.
[32]Zhao, Y.E., Cheng, H., Xun, M., Wu, L.P., 2009b. Extraction and random primer PCR detection of genomic DNA of parasitic mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acari: Demodicidae). Acta Entomol. Sin., 52(8):929-933 (in Chinese).
[33]Zhao, Y.E., Wu, L.P., Peng, Y., Cheng, H., 2010. Retrospective analysis of the association between Demodex infestation and rosacea. Arch. Dermatol., 146(8):896-902.
[34]Zhao, Y.E., Peng, Y., Wang, X.L., Wu, L.P., Wang, M., Yan, H.L., Xiao, S.X., 2011a. Facial dermatosis associated with Demodex: a case–control study. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed. & Biotechnol.), 12(12):1008-1015.
[35]Zhao, Y.E., Guo, N., Wu, L.P., 2011b. The influence of temperature and medium on viability of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acari: Demodicidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol., 54(4):421-425.
[36]Zhao, Y.E., Guo, N., Xun, M., Xu, J.R., Wang, M., Wang, D.L., 2011c. Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor analysis of Demodex infestation (Acari: Demodicidae). J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed. & Biotechnol.), 12(12):998-1007.
[37]Zhao, Y.E., Wu, L.P., Hu, L., Xu, J.R., 2012a. Association of blepharitis with Demodex: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol., 19(2):95-102.
[38]Zhao, Y.E., Xu, J.R., Hu, L., Wu, L.P., Wang, Z.H., 2012b. Complete sequence analysis of 18S rDNA based on genomic DNA extraction from individual Demodex mites (Acari: Demodicidae). Exp. Parasitol., 131(1):45-51.
[39]Zhao, Y.E., Hu, L., Wu, L.P., Ma, J.X., 2012c. A meta-analysis of association between acne vulgaris and Demodex infestation. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed. & Biotechnol.), 13(3):192-202.
[40]Zhao, Y.E., Wu, L.P., Hu, L., Xu, Y., Wang, Z.H., Liu, W.Y., 2012d. Sequencing for complete rDNA sequences (18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S rDNA) of Demodex and phylogenetic analysis of Acari based on 18S and 28S rDNA. Parasitol. Res., in press.
[41]Zhu, Y.C., Specht, C.A., Dittmer, N.T., Muthukrishnan, S., Kanost, M.R., Kramer, K.J., 2002. Sequence of a cDNA and expression of the gene encoding a putative epidermal chitin synthase of Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 32(11):1497-1506.
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>