Full Text:
<7232>
Summary: 
<398>
CLC number: TN79
On-line Access: 2024-08-27
Received: 2023-10-17
Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08
Crosschecked: 2023-03-25
Cited: 0
Clicked: 2048
Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study
| ||||||||||||||
Mohammad GHOLAMI, Zaman AMIRZADEH. Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2023, 24(3): 457-469.
@article{title="Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study",
author="Mohammad GHOLAMI, Zaman AMIRZADEH",
journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering",
volume="24",
number="3",
pages="457-469",
year="2023",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/FITEE.2200361"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study
%A Mohammad GHOLAMI
%A Zaman AMIRZADEH
%J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
%V 24
%N 3
%P 457-469
%@ 2095-9184
%D 2023
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/FITEE.2200361
TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study
A1 - Mohammad GHOLAMI
A1 - Zaman AMIRZADEH
J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
VL - 24
IS - 3
SP - 457
EP - 469
%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - 2023
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/FITEE.2200361
Abstract: quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)%29&ck%5B%5D=abstract&ck%5B%5D=keyword'>quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a new nanotechnology for the implementation of nano-sized digital circuits. This nanotechnology is remarkable in terms of speed, area, and power consumption compared to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and can significantly improve the design of various logic circuits. We propose a new method for implementing a t-latch in QCA technology in this paper. The proposed method uses the intrinsic features of QCA in timing and clock phases, and therefore, the proposed cell structure is less occupied and less power-consuming than existing implementation methods. In the proposed t-latch, compared to previous best designs, reductions of 6.45% in area occupation and 44.49% in power consumption were achieved. In addition, for the first time, a reset-based t-latch and a t-latch with set and reset capabilities are designed. Using the proposed t-latch, a new 3-bit counter is developed which reduces 2.14% cell numbers compared to the best of previous designs. Moreover, based on the 3-bit counter, a 4-bit counter is designed, which reduces 0.51% cell numbers and 4.16% cross-section area compared to previous designs. In addition, two selective counters are introduced to count from 0 to 5 and from 2 to 5. Simulations were performed using QCADesigner and QCAPro tools in coherence vector engine mode. The proposed circuits are compared with related designs in terms of delay, cell numbers, area, and leakage power.
[1]Abutaleb MM, 2018a. A novel configurable flip flop design using inherent capabilities of quantum-dot cellular automata. Microprocess Microsyst, 56:101-112.
[2]Abutaleb MM, 2018b. Robust and efficient QCA cell-based nanostructures of elementary reversible logic gates. J Supercomput, 74(11):6258-6274.
[3]Ahmadpour SS, Mosleh M, Heikalabad SR, 2022. Efficient designs of quantum-dot cellular automata multiplexer and RAM with physical proof along with power analysis. J Supercomput, 78(2):1672-1695.
[4]Akbari-Hasanjani R, Sabbaghi‐Nadooshan R, 2022. Innovation quinary and n-value toward fuzzy logic QCA cell design. Adv Theory Simul, 5(2):2100304.
[5]Akbari-Hasanjani R, Sabbaghi-Nadooshan R, Tanhayi MR, 2021. New polarization and power calculations with error elimination in ternary QCA. Comput Electr Eng, 96:107557.
[6]Akbari-Hasanjani R, Sabbaghi-Nadooshan R, Haghparast M, 2022. Toward quaternary QCA: novel majority and XOR fuzzy gates. IEEE Access, 10:38511-38522.
[7]Amirzadeh Z, Gholami M, 2019. Counters designs with minimum number of cells and area in the quantum-dot cellular automata technology. Int J Theor Phys, 58(6):1758-1775.
[8]Angizi S, Navi K, Sayedsalehi S, et al., 2014. Efficient quantum dot cellular automata memory architectures based on the new wiring approach. J Comput Theor Nanosci, 11(11):2318-2328.
[9]Angizi S, Moaiyeri MH, Farrokhi S, et al., 2015. Designing quantum-dot cellular automata counters with energy consumption analysis. Microprocess Microsyst, 39(7):512-520.
[10]Bahar AN, Wahid KA, 2022. Design and implementation of an N×32-bit SRAM in QCA using coplanar wire-crossing network. Optik, 266:169577.
[11]Bhavani KS, Alinvinisha V, 2015. Utilization of QCA based T flip flop to design counters. Proc Int Conf on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems, p.1-6.
[12]Dehbozorgi L, Sabbaghi-Nadooshan R, Kashaninia A, 2022a. Novel fault-tolerant processing in memory cell in ternary quantum-dot cellular automata. J Electron Test, 38(4):419-444.
[13]Dehbozorgi L, Sabbaghi-Nadooshan R, Kashaninia A, 2022b. Realization of processing-in-memory using binary and ternary quantum-dot cellular automata. J Supercomput, 78(5):6846-6874.
[14]Dutta P, Mukhopadhyay D, 2014. New architecture for flip flops using quantum-dot cellular automata. ICT and Critical Infrastructure: Proc 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India-Vol II, p.707-714.
[15]Fazili MM, Shah MF, Naz SF, et al., 2022. Next generation QCA technology based true random number generator for cryptographic applications. Microelectr J, 126:105502.
[16]Gholami M, Amirzadeh Z, 2023. Novel low-latency T-latch with minimum number of cells in QCA technology. Adv Theory Simul, 6(1):2200686.
[17]Gholami M, Movahedi M, Amirzadeh Z, 2022. Latch and flip-flop design in QCA technology with minimum number of cells. Comput Electr Eng, 102:108186.
[18]Hashemi S, Navi K, 2012. New robust QCA D flip flop and memory structures. Microelectr J, 43(12):929-940.
[19]Kalyan BS, Kaur H, Pachori K, et al., 2022. An efficient design of D flip flop in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) for sequential circuits. In: Nandan D, Mohanty BK, Kumar S, et al. (Eds.), VLSI Architecture for Signal, Speech, and Image Processing. Apple Academic Press, New York, USA, p.253-272.
[20]Khan A, Arya R, 2022. Efficient design of dual‐mode nano counter: an approach using quantum dot cellular automata. Concurr Comput Pract Exp, 34(13):e6910.
[21]Kim K, Wu KJ, Karri R, 2005. Towards designing robust QCA architectures in the presence of sneak noise paths. Proc Design, Automation and Test in Europe, p.1214-1219.
[22]Majeed AH, Alkaldy E, bin Zainal MS, et al., 2019. Synchronous counter design using novel level sensitive T-FF in QCA technology. J Low Power Electron Appl, 9(3):27.
[23]Nafees N, Ahmed S, Kakkar V, et al., 2022. QCA-based PIPO and SIPO shift registers using cost-optimized and energy-efficient D flip flop. Electronics, 11(19):3237.
[24]Rad SK, Heikalabad SR, 2017. Reversible flip-flops in quantum-dot cellular automata. Int J Theor Phys, 56(9):2990-3004.
[25]Sheikhfaal S, Angizi S, Sarmadi S, et al., 2015. Designing efficient QCA logical circuits with power dissipation analysis. Microelectr J, 46(6):462-471.
[26]Torabi M, 2011. A new architecture for T flip flop using quantum-dot cellular automata. Proc 3rd Asia Symp on Quality Electronic Design, p.296-300.
[27]Torres FS, Wille R, Niemann P, et al., 2018. An energy-aware model for the logic synthesis of quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circ Syst, 37(12):3031-3041.
[28]Zoka S, Gholami M, 2018. A novel rising edge triggered resettable D flip-flop using five input majority gate. Microprocess Microsyst, 61:327-335.
ORCID: 
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>