Similar articles

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.

[1] Ahmad, A., Abdin, M.Z., 2000. Interactive effect of sulphur and nitrogen on the oil and protein concentrations and on the fatty acid profiles of oil in the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.). J. Agron. Crop Sci., 185(1):49-54.

[2] Asare, E., Scarisbrick, D.H., 1995. Rate of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Field Crops Res., 44(1):41-46.

[3] Aulakh, M.S., Pasricha, N.S., Sahota, N.S., 1980. Yield, nutrient concentration and quality of mustard crops as influenced by nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge), 94(1):545-549.

[4] Brennan, R.F., Mason, M.G., Walton, G.H., 2000. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the concentrations of oil and protein in canola (Brassica napus) seed. J. Plant Nutr., 23(3):339-348.

[5] Cheema, M.A., Malik, M.A., Hussain, A., Shah, S.H., Basra, S.M.A., 2001. Effects of time and rate of nitrogen and phosphorus application on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci., 186(2):103-110.

[6] Chen, X.J., Zhu, Z.J., Ni, X.L., QIAN, Q.Q., 2006. Effect of nitrogen and sulfur supply on glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis. Agric. Sci. China, 5(8):603-608.

[7] Colnenne, C., Meynard, J.M., Reau, R., Justes, E., Merrien, A., 1998. Determination of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for winter oilseed rape. Ann. Bot., 81(2):311-317.

[8] Daun, J.K., Clear, K.M., Williams, P., 1994. Comparison of three whole seed near infrared analyzers for measuring quality components of canola seed. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71(10):1063-1068.

[9] Dubey, O.P., Sahu, T.R., Garg, D.C., 1994. Responses and economics in relation to nitrogen and sulphur nutrition in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Indian J. Agron., 39(1):49-53.

[10] Fismes, J., Vong, P.C., Guckert, A., Frossard, E., 2000. Influence of sulfur on apparent N-use efficiency, yield and quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown on a calcareous soil. Eur. J. Agron., 12(2):127-141.

[11] Gardner, F.P., Pearce, R.B., Mitchel, R.L., 1985. Growth and Development. In: Physiology of Crop Plants. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

[12] Grombacher, A., Nelson, L., 1992. Canola Production. A University of Nebraska NebGuide Publication, No. G92-1076-A.

[13] GOP (Government of Pakistan), 2004. Economic Survey Report 2003~2004. Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Islamabad.

[14] Haneklaus, S., Paulsen, H.M., Gupta, A.K., Bloem, E., Schnug, E., 1999. Influence of Sulphur Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Oilseed Rape and Mustard. In: New Horizons for an Old Crop. Proc. 10th Int. Rapeseed Congr. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia.

[15] Hao, X., Chang, C., Travis, G.J., 2004. Short communication: effect of long-term cattle manure apllication on relations between nitrogen and oil content in canola seed. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167(2):214-215.

[16] Hatam, M., Abbasi, G.Q., 1994. Oil Seed Crops. In: Crop Production. National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan, p.329.

[17] Hocking, P.J., Kirkegaard, J.A., Angus, J.F., Gibson, A.H., Koetz, E.A., 1997. Comparison of canola, Indian mustard and Linola in two contrasting environments. I. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on dry-matter production, seed yield and seed quality. Field Crops Res., 49(2-3):107-125.

[18] Holmes, M.R.J., 1980. Nitrogen. In: Nutrition of the Oilseed Rape Crop. Applied Sci. Pub. Barking Essex, England, p.21-67.

[19] Jackson, G.D., 2000. Effects of nitrogen and sulfur on canola yield and nutrient uptake. Agron. J., 92(4):644-649.

[20] Janzen, H.H., Bettany, J.R., 1984. Sulfur nutrition of rapeseed. I. Influence of fertilizer nitrogen and sulfur rates. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48:100-107.

[21] Khalil, I.A., Varanini, Z., Pinton, R., 1995. Nutritional aspects of Brassica oilseed crops. Sarhad J. Agric., 11(4):513-522.

[22] Khan, A.H., Khalil, I.A., Shah, H., 2004. Nutritional yield and oil quality of canola cultivars grown in NWFP. Sarhad J. Agric., 20(2):287-290.

[23] Kutcher, H.R., Malhi, S.S., Gill, K.S., 2005. Topography and management of nitrogen and fungicide affects diseases and productivity of canola. Agron. J., 97(2):533-541.

[24] Lambers, H., Poorter, H., 1992. Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Adv. Ecol. Res., 23(1):187-261.

[25] Mailer, R.J., 1989. Effects of applied sulfur on glucosinolate and oil content in the seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 40(3):617-624.

[26] Malhi, H., Leach, D., 2000. Restore Canola Yields by Correcting Sulfur Deficiency in the Growing Season. Proc. 12th Annual Meeting and Conference “Sustainable Farming in the New Millennium”. Saskatchewan Soil Conservation Association, Regina, SK, Canada.

[27] Malhi, S.S., Gan, Y., Raney, J.P., 2007. Yield, seed quality, and sulfur uptake of Brassica oilseed crops in response to sulfur fertilization. Agron. J., 99(2):570-577.

[28] Marschner, H., 1986. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press Inc., London, UK.

[29] McGrath, S.P., Zhao, F.J., 1996. Sulphur uptake, yield responses and the interactions between nitrogen and sulphur in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). J. Agric. Sci., 126(2):53-62.

[30] Muhammad, S., Khalil, I.A., Khan, S., 1991. Fatty acid composition of rape and mustard oilseed cultivars. Sci. Khyber, 4(1):29-36.

[31] Nuttall, W.F., Ukrainetz, H., Stewart, J.W.G., Spurr, D.T., 1987. The effect of nitrogen, sulphur and boron on yield and quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.). Can. J. Soil Sci., 67:545-559.

[32] Rathke, G.W., Christen, O., Diepenbrock, W., 2005. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Res., 94(2-3):103-113.

[33] Rehman, K., Munir, A.M., Yousuf, M.A., 1987. Rape and Mustard in Pakistan. Tech. Bull. PARC, Islamabad.

[34] Schnug, E., 1991. Sulphur Metabolism in Oilseed Rape Plants with Particular Reference to Double Low Varieties. Proc. 8th Int. Rapeseed Congress. Saskatoon, Vol. 3, p.695-700.

[35] Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

[36] Subhani, A., Shabbir, G., Fazil, M., Mahmood, A., Khalid, R., Cheema, N.M., 2003. Role of sulfur in enhancing the oil contents and yield of rapeseed under medium rainfed conditions. Pak. J. Soil Sci., 22(4):50-53.

[37] Thakral, S.K., Singh, B.P., Faroda, A.S., Gupta, S.K., 1996. Effect of irrigation and fertility levels on the oil yield and quality of Brassica species. Annals of Agric. Res., 17(4):416-418.

[38] Wang, Q.R., Pinkerton, A., Hocking, P., Wang, Q.R., 1997. Effects of sulphur top-dressing on yield and quality of a double-low rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Oil Crops of China, 19(1):53-57.

[39] Wetter, L.R., Ukrainetz, H., Downey, R.K., 1970. Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on the Contents of Oil, Protein and Glucosinolates in Brassica Including Rapeseed. In: International Conference on the Science, Technology, and Marketing of Rapeseed and Rapeseed Products. St. Adele, QC, Canada. 20–23 Sept. 1970. Rapeseed Assoc. of Canada, Ontario, ON, Canada, p.92-112.

[40] Withers, P.J.A., O′Donnell, F.M., 1994. The response of double-low winter oilseed rape to fertiliser sulphur. J. Sci. Food Agric., 66(1):93-101.

[41] Zhao, F., Bilsborrow, P.E., Evans, E.J., Syers, J.K., 1993. Sulphur turnover in the developing pods of single and double low varieties of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 62(2):111-119.