CLC number: U455
On-line Access: 2024-08-27
Received: 2023-10-17
Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08
Crosschecked: 2017-09-07
Cited: 0
Clicked: 5134
Xiao-wu Tang, Peng-lu Gan, Wei Liu, Yu Zhao. Surface settlements induced by tunneling in permeable strata: a case history of Shenzhen Metro[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2017, 18(10): 757-775.
@article{title="Surface settlements induced by tunneling in permeable strata: a case history of Shenzhen Metro",
author="Xiao-wu Tang, Peng-lu Gan, Wei Liu, Yu Zhao",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
volume="18",
number="10",
pages="757-775",
year="2017",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.A1600522"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Surface settlements induced by tunneling in permeable strata: a case history of Shenzhen Metro
%A Xiao-wu Tang
%A Peng-lu Gan
%A Wei Liu
%A Yu Zhao
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%V 18
%N 10
%P 757-775
%@ 1673-565X
%D 2017
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.A1600522
TY - JOUR
T1 - Surface settlements induced by tunneling in permeable strata: a case history of Shenzhen Metro
A1 - Xiao-wu Tang
A1 - Peng-lu Gan
A1 - Wei Liu
A1 - Yu Zhao
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
VL - 18
IS - 10
SP - 757
EP - 775
%@ 1673-565X
Y1 - 2017
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.A1600522
Abstract: A case study of a significant surface settlement induced by tunneling in permeable strata with the shallow tunneling method is presented in this paper. The measurements of surface settlements along the excavation direction were first analyzed to highlight the impacts of groundwater seepage. Due to the groundwater inflow inside a double-arched tunnel, the surface settlement developed to a high level far beyond the measured crown settlement. The settlement-affected zone extended to 4 times the tunnel height ahead of the forefront heading and 1.5 times the tunnel height behind the hindmost heading. Consolidation resulting from high pore pressure change was considered to be the main mechanism for the large surface settlements. In addition, a 3D fluid-mechanical coupled numerical analysis was carried out to confirm the relationship between the significant surface settlement and pore pressure variation. This analysis reveals that lowering the permeability of the small pipe grouting zone, especially of the primary lining, could lessen the drop in pore pressure in the overlying strata, further reducing the total surface settlement. The numerical results also suggest that the transverse range of vertical displacement could be quite wide, and the settlement developed integrally from the tunnel crown towards the ground surface due to groundwater seepage. Moreover, the effect of advance drainage on surface settlement was investigated based on the same numerical model. Drainage with horizontal boreholes could considerably increase the safety of tunnel heading but had limited impact on surface settlement. Finally, the applications of pre-grouting and advance drainage measures were discussed for tunneling cases in permeable strata.
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