Similar articles

Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to study the major chromosomal aberrations (CA) like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in prostate cancer patients of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 45 blood samples were collected from various hospitals in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Equal numbers of normal healthy subjects were chosen after signing a consent form. Volunteers provided blood samples (5 ml) to establish leukocyte cultures. Cytogenetic studies were performed by using giemsa-banding technique and finally the results were ensured by spectral karyotyping (SKY) technique. In the present investigation, major CA like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic were identified in experimental subjects. Results showed frequent CA in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18 and X. In comparison with experimental subjects, the control subjects exhibited very low levels of major CA (P<0.05). In the present study, the high frequency of centromeric rearrangements indicates a potential role for mitotic irregularities associated with the centromere in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Identification of chromosome alterations may be helpful in understanding the molecular basis of the disease in better manner.

[1] Afonso, A., Emmert-Buck, M.R., Duray, P.H., Bostwick, D.G., Linehan, W.M., Vocke, C.D., 1999. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 13 is associated with advanced stage prostate cancer. J. Urol., 162(3 Pt 1):922-926.

[2] Alers, J.C., Krijtenburg, P.J., Vissers, K.J., Bosman, F.T., van der Kwast, T.H., van Dekken, H., 1995. Interphase cytogenetics of prostatic adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions: analysis of 25 radical prostatectomies and 17 adjacent prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 12(4):241-250.

[3] Barrios, L., Miro, R., Caballin, M.R., Fuster, C., Guedea, F., Subias, A., Egozcue, J., 1990. Chromosome instability in bladder carcinoma patients. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 49(1):107-111.

[4] Bonassi, S., Abbondandolo, A., Camurri, L., Dal Prá, A., de Ferrari, M., Degrassi, F., Forni, A., Lamberti, L., Lando, L., Padovani, M., et al., 1995. Are chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes predicitve of future cancer onset in humans? Prelimiary results of an Italian cohort study. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 79(2):133-135.

[5] Bonassi, S., Hagmar, L., Strömberg, U., Montagud, A.H., Tinnerberg, H., Forni, A., Heikkilä, P., Wanders, S., Wilhardt, P., Hansteen, I.L., Knudsen, L.E., Norppa, H., 2000. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes predict human cancer independently of exposure to carcinogens. European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health. Cancer Res., 60(6):1619-1625.

[6] Carpten, J., Nupponen, N., Isaacs, S., Sood, R., Robbins, C., Xu, J., Faruque, M., Moses, T., Ewing, C., Gillanders, E., et al., 2002. Germline mutations in the ribonuclease L gene in families showing linkage with HPC1. Nat. Genet., 30(2):181-184.

[7] Cook, L.S., Goldoft, M., Schwartz, S.M., Weiss, N.S., 1999. Incidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in Asian immigrants to the United States and their descendants. J. Urol., 161(1):152-155.

[8] Cooney, K.A., Wetzel, J.C., Merajver, S.D., Macoska, J.A., Singleton, T.P., Wojno, K.J., 1996. Distinct regions of allelic loss on 13q in prostate cancer. Cancer Res., 56(5):1142-1145.

[9] Cunningham, J.M., Shan, A., Wick, M.J., McDonnell, S.K., Schaid, D.J., Tester, D.J., Qian, J., Takahashi, S., Jenkins, R.B., Bostwick, D.G., et al., 1996. Allelic imbalance and microsatellite instability in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res., 56(19):4475-4482.

[10] Dahiya, R., McCarville, J., Hu, W., Lee, C., Chui, R.M., Kaur, G., Deng, G., 1997. Chromosome 3p24-26 and 3p22-12 loss in human prostatic adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 71(1):20-25.

[11] Dong, J.T., Boyd, J.C., Frierson, H.F., 2001. Loss of heterozygosity at 13q14 and 13q21 in high grade, high stage prostate cancer. Prostate, 49(3):166-171.

[12] Garini, Y., Macville, S., du Manoir, R.A., Buckwald, M., Lavi, N., Katzir, D., Wine, I., Bar-Am, E., Schröck, D., Ried, T., 1996. Spectral karyotyping. Bioimaging, 4(2):65-72.

[13] Gibbs, M., Stanford, J.L., McIndoe, R.A., Jarvik, G.P., Kolb, S., Goode, E.L., Chakrabarti, L., Schuster, E.F., Buckley, V.A., Miller, E.L., et al., 1999. Evidence for a rare prostate cancer susceptibility locus at chromosome 1p36. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 64(3):776-787.

[14] Goto, K., Akematsu, T., Shimazu, H., Sugiyama, T., 1975. Simple differential Giemsa staining of sister chromatids after treatment with photosensitive dyes and exposure to light and the mechanism of staining. Chromosoma, 53(3):223-230.

[15] Greenlee, R.T., Hill-Harmon, M., Murry, T., Thun, M., 2001. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J. Clin., 51(1):15-36.

[16] Haas, G.P., Sakr, W.A., 1997. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin., 47(5):273-287.

[17] Hagmar, L., Bonassi, S., Strömberg, U., Brøgger, A., Knudsen, L.E., Norppa, H., Reuterwall, C., European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health, 1998. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes predict human cancer: a report from the European Study Group on Cytogenetic Biomarkers and Health (ESCH). Cancer Res., 58(18):4117-4121.

[18] Hoyos, L.S., Carvajal, S., Solano, L., Rodriguez, J., Orozco, L., López, Y., Au, W.W., 1996. Cytogenetic monitoring of farmers exposed to pesticides in Colombia. Environ. Health Perspect., 104(Suppl. 3):535-538.

[19] Koivisto, P., Hyytinen, E., Palmberg, C., Tammela, T., Visakorpi, T., Isola, J., Kallioniemi, O.P., 1995. Analysis of genetic changes underlying local recurrence of prostate carcinoma during androgen deprivation therapy. Am. J. Pathol., 147(6):1608-1614.

[20] Kunimi, K., Bergerheim, U.S., Larsson, I.L., Ekman, P., Collins, V.P., 1991. Allelotyping of human prostatic adenocarcinoma. Genomics, 11(3):530-536.

[21] Li, C., Larsson, C., Futreal, A., Lancaster, J., Phelan, C., Aspenblad, U., Sundelin, B., Liu, Y., Ekman, P., Auer, G., Bergerheim, U.S., 1998. Identification of two distinct deleted regions on chromosome 13 in prostate cancer. Oncogene, 16(4):481-487.

[22] Loeb, L.A., 1991. Mutator phenotype may be required for multistage carcinogenesis. Cancer Res., 51(12):3075-3079.

[23] Lundgren, R., Mandahl, N., Heim, S., Limon, J., Henrikson, H., Mitelman, F., 1992. Cytogenetic analysis of 57 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 4(1):16-24.

[24] MacGrogan, D., Levy, A., Bostwick, D., Wagner, M., Wells, D., Bookstein, R., 1994. Loss of chromosome arm 8p loci in prostate cancer: mapping by quantitative allelic imbalance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 10(3):151-159.

[25] Madhavi, R., Guntur, M., Ghosh, R., Ghosh, P.K., 1990. Double minute chromosomes in the leukocytes of a young girl with breast carcinoma. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 44(2):203-207.

[26] Miyauchi, T., Nagayama, T., Maruyama, K., 1992. Chromosomal abnormalities in carcinoma and hyperplasia of the prostate. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi, 83(3):66-74.

[27] Miyoshi, Y., Uemura, H., Fujinami, K., Mikata, K., Harada, M., Kitamura, H., Koizumi, Y., Kubota, Y., 2000. Fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation of c-myc and androgen receptor gene amplification and chromosomal anomalies in prostate cancer in Japanese patients. Prostate, 43(3):225-232.

[28] Nowell, P.C., 1986. Mechanisms of tumor progression. Cancer Res., 46(5):2203-2207.

[29] Perinchery, G., Bukurov, N., Nakajima, K., Chang, J., Li, L.C., Dahiya, R., 1999. High frequency of deletion on chromosome 9p21 may harbor several tumor-suppressor genes in human prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 83(5):610-614.

[30] Ross, R.K., McCurtis, J.W., Henderson, B.E., Menck, H.R., Mack, T.M., Martin, S.P., 1979. Descriptive epidemiology of testicular and prostatic cancer in Los Angeles. Br. J. Cancer, 39(3):284-292.

[31] Sakr, W.A., Grignon, D.J., Crissman, J.D., Heilbrun, L.K., Cassin, B.J., Pontes, J.J., Haas, G.P., 1994. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: an autopsy study of 249 cases. In Vivo, 8(3):439-443.

[32] Sandberg, A.A., 1991. Chromosome abnormalities in human cancer and leukemia. Mutat. Res., 247(2):231-240.

[33] Sattler, H.P., Lensch, R., Rohde, V., Zimmer, E., Meese, E., Bonkhoff, H., Retz, M., Zwergel, T., Bex, A., Stoeckle, M., Wullich, B., 2000. Novel amplification unit at chromosome 3q25-q27 in human prostate cancer. Prostate, 45(3):207-215.

[34] Schrock, E., du Manoir, S., Veldman, T., Schoell, B., Wienberg, J., Ferguson-Smith, M.A., Ning, Y., Ledbetter, D.H., Bar-Am, I., Soenksen, D., et al., 1996. Multicolor spectral karyotyping of human chromosomes. Science, 273(5274):494-497.

[35] Solomon, E., Borrow, J., Goodard, A.D., 1991. Chromosome aberrations and cancer. Science, 254(5035):1153-1160.

[36] Srikantan, V., Sesterhenn, I.A., Davis, L., Hankins, G., Avallone, F., Livezey, J.R., Connelly, R., Mostofi, F.K., McLeod, D.G., Moul, J.W., et al., 1999. Allelic loss on chromosome 6q in primary prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 84(3):331-335.

[37] Steiner, T., Junker, K., Burkhardt, F., Braunsdorf, A., Janitzky, V., Schubert, J., 2002. Gain in chromosome 8q correlates with early progression in hormonal treated prostate cancer. Eur. Urol., 41(2):167-171.

[38] Takahashi, S., Shan, A.L., Ritland, S.R., Delacey, K.A., Bostwick, D.G., Lieber, M.M., Thibodeau, S.N., Jenkins, R.B., 1995. Frequent loss of heterozygosity at 7q31.1 in primary prostate cancer is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression. Cancer Res., 55(18):4114-4119.

[39] Ueda, T., Komiya, A., Emi, M., Suzuki, H., Shiraishi, T., Yatani, R., Masai, M., Yasuda, K., Ito, H., 1997. Allelic losses on 18q21 are associated with progression and metastasis in human prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 20(2):140-147.

[40] van Dekken, H., Krijtenburg, P.J., Alers, J.C., 2000. DNA in situ hybridization (interphase cytogenetics) versus comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in human cancer: detection of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. Acta Histochem., 102(1):85-94.

[41] Veldman, T., Vignon, C., Schröck, E., Rowley, J.D., Ried, T., 1997. Hidden chromosome abnormalities in haematological malignancies detected by multicolour spectral karyotyping. Nat. Genet., 15(4):406-410.

[42] Verhagen, P.C., Hermans, K.G., Brok, M.O., van Weerden, W.M., Tilanus, M.G.J., de Weger, R.A., Boon, T.A., Trapman, J., 2002. Deletion of chromosomal region 6q14-16 in prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 102(2):142-147.

[43] Whittemore, A.S., Kolonel, L.N., Wu, A.H., John, E.M., Gallagher, R.P., Howe, G.R., Burch, J.D., Hankin, J., Dreon, D.M., West, D.W., et al., 1995. Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity, and body size in blacks, whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87(9):652-661.

[44] Wolter, H., Trijic, D., Gottfried, H.W., Mattfeldt, T., 2002. Chromosomal changes in incidental prostatic carcinomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Eur. Urol., 41(3):328-334.

[45] Zenklusen, J.C., Thompson, J.C., Troncoso, P., Kagan, J., Conti, C.J., 1994. Loss of heterozygosity in human primary prostate carcinomas a possible tumor suppressor gene at 7q31.1. Cancer Res., 54:6370-6373.

[46] Zucchi, I., Jones, J., Affer, M., Montagna, C., Redolfi, E., Susani, L., Vezzoni, P., Parvari, R., Schlessinger, D., Whyte, M.P., Mumm, S., 1999. Transcription map of Xq27: candidates for several X-linked diseases. Genomics, 57(2):209-218.