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Abstract: Cancer is the most common cause of human mortality and has created an unbridgeable health gap due to its unrestrained aberrant proliferation, rapid growth, metastasis, and high heterogeneity. Conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models for tumor diagnostic and therapeutic studies have extremely low clinical translation rates due to their intrinsic limitations. Appropriate tumor models are therefore required for cancer research. Engineered human three-dimensional (3D) cancer models stand out for their ability to better replicate the spatial organization, cellular resources, and microenvironmental features (e.g., hypoxia, necrosis, and delayed proliferation) of actual human tumors. Further, the fabrication of these models can be achieved by an emerging technology known as 3D bioprinting, which allows for the fabrication of living structures by precisely regulating the spatial distribution of cells, biomolecules, and matrix components. The aim of this paper is to review the current technologies and bioinks associated with 3D bioprinted cancer models for glioma, breast, liver, intestinal, cervical, ovarian, and neuroblastoma, as well as, advances in the applications of 3D bioprinted-based tumor models in the fields of tumor microenvironment, tumor vascularization, tumor stem cells, tumor resistance and therapeutic drug screening, tumorimmunotherapy, and precision medicine.